Entrepreneurial Skills for Women’s Business Success Lessons Around the World and Implications for Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: Worldwide the number of women entrepreneurs is less than that of male entrepreneurs, except for the nearly equal proportion of female (F) and male (M) entrepreneurs in developing countries in Asia and Africa, according to the 2012 Global Entrepreneurship monitor report on women [1]. There are many obstacles that prevent women from starting their own business in different countries, including in Vietnam. The lack of necessary entrepreneurial skills is a main factor that causes women to be afraid of failure in their entrepreneurial activities. Thefore, the development of entrepreneurial skills in women is a prerequisite for the successful development of women-owned businesses. Besides, networking, diverse types of skill training appropriate to women’s circumstances are necessity for their entrepreneurial success and confidence that help women contribute more to socio-economic development both nationally and globally. The paper concludes by making recommendations for developing entrepreneurial skills for Vietnamese women to overcome the existing obstacles and to improve their business success.
Keywords:Entrepreneurial skill, entrepreneurial education and training, women-entrepreneurs, Vietnamese women-entrepreneurs.
References
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Nass L (2013), Phân tích những vấn đề giới trong việc phát triển giáo dục đại học định hướng nghề nghiệp - ứng dụng”, Bản tin Giáo dục quốc tế số 12, Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành, (bản dịch Phạm Thi Ly).
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[4] Brush C, “How Women Entrepreneurs Are Transforming Economies and Communities, Entrepreneurs”, Forbes, 2/16/2013, available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/babson/2013/02/16/how-women-entrepreneurs-are-transforming-economies-and-communities/.
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[8] The European Commission, “Encouraging Women Entrepreneurs”, April 15, 2013, available at: ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/...entrepreneurship/women/.
[9] Ely J.R, Ibarra H I and Kolb M.D, “Taking Gender into Account: Theory and Design for Women's Leadership Programs”, Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2011, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2011), 474–493, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amle.2010.0046.
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[11] Ruskovaara E, Pihkala T, “Teachers Implementing Entrepreneurship Education: Classroom Practices”, Education + Training Vol. 55 No. 2 (2013), pp. 204-16, available at: www.emeraldinsight.com/0040-0912.htm.
[12] Kuratko F.D, “Entrepreneurship Education in the 21st Century: from Legitimization to Leadership”, A Coleman Foundation White Paper, USASBE National Conference, January 16, 2004, Maastricht School of Management.
[13] United Nations Population Information Network (POPIN), “Guidelines on Women's Empowerment”, available at: http://www.un.org/popin/unfpa/taskforce/guide/iatfwemp.gdl.html.
[14] McFadden W B, “Entrepreneurship in Public Education, Leadership”, May/June 2013, pp.22-24.
[15] Birley S, Moss C, Saunders P, “Do Women Entrepreneurs Require Different Training?” University of Baltimore Educational Foundation, 1987.
[16] Dana L.P., “The Education and Training of Entrepreneurs in Asia”, Education & Training; 43 (2001), ; ProQuest Central, pg. 405.
[17] Garavan N.T and O'Cinneide B, “Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programmes: A Review and Evaluation - Part 1, Literature Review of Problems Associated with Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs”, MCB University Press, 1995.
[18] Okpara O.F, “The Value of Creativity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Volume III, Issue 2, September 2007.
[19] Bessant J, Tidd J, “Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007.
[20] Brady R, Edelman L A, “Study Reveals Global Creativity Gap”, Adobe, April 23, 2012.
[21] Wuwei L, “Bloomsbury Academic, How Creativity is Changing China”, 2011, available at: ww.bloomsburyacademic.com.
[22] Giang T, Can D.N., “Smart Mind”, Youth Publisher, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese), 2011.
[23] Ho, H.-C., Wang, C.-C., & Cheng, Y.-Y., “Analysis of the Scientific Imagination Process”, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 2013, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.04.003.
[24] Sloan P, “How to be a Brilliant Thinker - Exercise Your Mind and Find Creative Solutions ”, Kogan Page, 2010.
[25] Milne I, “Creative Exploration: Doing Science in a Primary School Context”, Imaginative practice, imaginative inquiry, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Imagination and Education, Rydges Lakeside, Canberra, Australia, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 29-31 January, 2008, Fitzgerald R& Nielsen W.T, (edited).
[26] HubPages, http://ginnnavarre.hubpages.com/hub/CuriosityImagination--Invention.
[27] Merriam-Webster dictionary, www.merriam-webster.com.
[28] Kolb A.D, “Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source Of Learning and Development”, Prentice-Hall, 1984.
[29] Indian Women's Association Singapore - Entrepreneurs Club, available at: www.iwasingapore.org/businessclub.
[30] The African Women's Entrepreneurship Program(AWEP), available at: yagsc.com/the-african-womens-entrepreneurship-program-awep/.
[31] Dell's Women Powering Business Initiative, available at: www.dell.com/learn/us/en/04/women-powering-business.
[32] Voice of Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs, 2006, the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Mekong Private Sector Development Facility (MPDF) and Gender Entrepreneurship Markets (GEM), www.ifc.org/.../publications_report_voiceswomen-vietnamese__wci__13...
[33] Vietnam, “Individual Action Plan Report of Viet Nam”, Third Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy Meeting, Bali, APEC, Indonesia, 7 September 2013, available at: www.globalgender.org/upload/media/program/.../2013%20IAP_VN.doc.
[34] VOV, “Entrepreneurs’ Contributions to National Development”, 12/10/2010, available at: http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Entrepreneurs-contributions-to-national-development/201010/120389.vov.
[35] Le Duy Binh, Nguyen Dieu Hong, Pham Ngoc Thach, Do Kim Yen, Dao Thuy Trang, 2011, “Creation of an Enabling Environment for Women Entrepreneur in Vietnam, Maintreaming Gender Issues in Government Policy on Enterprise Development”, International Labor Organization, Hanoi, July, 2011, vncf.com.vn/images/download/Women%20entrepreneur.pdf.
[36] VCCI (Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry), “Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in Vietnam”, The Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council (VWEC), 2007.
[37] Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training, “Upper Secondary Education curriculum”, (Vietnamese version), 2006.
[38] Goppers K, Mai T.C, “Business Training for Entrepreneurs in Vietnam, An Evaluation of the Sida Supported Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) Project”, Edita Communication, December, 2006, available at: www.sida.se/.../0731-Business-Training-for-Entrepreneurs-in-Vietna...
Nass L (2013), Phân tích những vấn đề giới trong việc phát triển giáo dục đại học định hướng nghề nghiệp - ứng dụng”, Bản tin Giáo dục quốc tế số 12, Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành, (bản dịch Phạm Thi Ly).