Determinants of Intention to Purchase Electric Cars in Vietnam: Proposing an Analysis Framework from Theoretical Research
Main Article Content
Abstract
The intention to purchase an electric car can be explained in two ways: the intention to adopt a new technological product, and the intention of green consumption. Based on the theoretical research on customer behavior and a literature review, an analytical framework on the intention of Vietnamese consumers to purchase electric cars is proposed. The framework is developed by integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM). According to the framework, a consumer’s intention to purchase is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, personal norm, and an ascription of responsibility and consequence awareness. Besides contributing a theoretical framework on the consumer’s purchase intention, the article also proposes some suggestions for manufacturers and policymakers in promoting electric cars in the Vietnam market.
Keywords:
Electric car, intention, UTAUT, NAM.
References
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[38] De Groot, J. I. and Steg, L., “Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model,” The Journal of Social Psychology, 149 (4) (2009) 425-449.
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[2] World Bank, “Pathway to Low-Carbon Transport,” http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/477271568122311699/pdf/Volume-1-Pathway-to-Low-Carbon-Transport.pdf, 2019 (Accessed 2 June 2021).
[3] Nguyen, X. T. and Nguyen, Q. H., “Service Issues: Overview of Electric Vehicles Use in Vietnam,” Armand Peugeot Chair International Conference: 3rd Electromobility Challenging Issues, Dec 2015, Singapore, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01239618/ (Accessed 2 June 2021).
[4] Nguyen, K. M., “Features and Prospects of the Electric Vehicle in the Vietnamese Automobile Market”, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2020, 012007.
[5] Bobeth, S. and Kastner, I., “Buying an Electric Car: A Rational Choice or a Norm-directed Behavior?,” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 73 (2020) 236-258.
[6] Qiao, Q., Zhao, F., Liu, Z., He, X. and Hao, H., “Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electric Vehicles in China: Combining the Vehicle Cycle and Fuel Cycle,” Energy, 177 (2019) 222-233.
[7] Felgenhauer, M. F., Pellow, M. A., Benson, S. M. and Hamacher, T., “Evaluating Co-benefits of Battery and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a Community in California,” Energy, 114 (2016) 360-368.
[8] Nanaki, E. A. and Koroneos, C. J., “Comparative Economic and Environmental Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles - The Case Study of Greece,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 53 (2013) 261-266.
[9] Campello-Vicente, H., Peral-Orts, R., Campillo-Davo, N. and Velasco-Sanchez, E., “The Effect of Electric Vehicles on Urban Noise Maps,” Applied Acoustics, 116 (2017) 59-64.
[10] Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., Consumer Behaviour, Pearson Higher Education, AU, 2012.
[11] Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G., Principles of Marketing, 15th Edition, Pearson, 2013.
[12] Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I., Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975.
[13] Davis, F. D., “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Quarterly, 13 (3) (1989)
319-340.
[14] Ajzen, I., “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2) (1991) 179-211.
[15] Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B. and Davis, F. D., “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” MIS Quarterly, 27 (3) (2003) 425-478.
[16] Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J. and Bodin, J., “Advances in Consumer Electric Vehicle Adoption Research: A Review and Research Agenda,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 34 (2015) 122-136.
[17] Asadi, S., Nilashi, M., Samad, S., Abdullah, R., Mahmoud, M., Alkinani, M. H., and Yadegaridehkordi, E., “Factors Impacting Consumers’ Intention toward Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 282 (2021) 124474.
[18] Shalender, K. and Sharma, N., “Using Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to Predict Adoption Intention of Electric Vehicles in India,” Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23 (1) (2020) 665-681.
[19] Lakshika, V. G. P., and Hemamali, K. A. G. A., “Antecedents of the Green Purchase Intention towards Electric Cars: The Sri Lankan Customers’ Perspective,” Journal of Business Studies, 7 (1) (2020) 1-28.
[20] Huang, X., and Ge, J., “Electric Vehicle Development in Beijing: An Analysis of Consumer Purchase Intention,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 216 (2019) 361-372.
[21] Wang, S., Wang, J., Li, J., Wang, J., and Liang, L., “Policy Implications for Promoting the Adoption of Electric Vehicles: Do Consumer’s Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Financial Incentive Policy Matter?,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 117 (2018) 58-69.
[22] Wu, J., Liao, H., Wang, J. W., and Chen, T., “The Role of Environmental Concern in the Public Acceptance of Autonomous Electric Vehicles: A Survey from China,” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60 (2019) 37-46.
[23] Tu, C., and Yang, C., “Key Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase of Electric Vehicles,” Sustainability, 11 (14) (2019) 3863.
[24] Lin, B., and Wu, W., “Why People Want to Buy Electric Vehicle: An Empirical Study in First-tier Cities of China,” Energy Policy, 112 (2018)
233-241.
[25] Yong, N. L., Ariffin, S. K., Nee, G. Y., and Wahid, N. A., “A Study of Factors Influencing Consumer’s Purchase Intention toward Green Vehicles: Evidence from Malaysia,” Global Business and Management Research, 9 (4s) (2017) 281-297.
[26] Yadav, R., and Pathak, G. S., “Young Consumers’ Intention towards Buying Green Products in a Developing Nation: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 135 (2016) 732-739.
[27] Schwartz, S. H., “Normative Infuences on Altruism,” in L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press, 1977.
[28] Yang, R., Wei, J., Lu, L. and Li, L., “Air Pollution and Green Consumption of Consumers in China’s Urban Areas: A Norm Activation Perspective,” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26 (7) (2019) 1988-2010.
[29] Degirmenci, K. and Breitner, M. H., “Consumer Purchase Intentions for Electric Vehicles: Is Green More Important Than Price and Range?,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 51 (2017) 250-260.
[30] Khazaei, H., “The Influence of Personal Innovativeness and Price Value on Intention to Use of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia,” European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8 (3) (2019) 483-494.
[31] Tran, V., Zhao, S., Diop, E. B. and Song, W., “Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China,” Sustainability, 11 (19) (2019) 5348.
[32] Lee, J., Baig, F., Talpur, M. A. H. and Shaikh, S., “Public Intentions to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Pakistan,” Sustainability, 13 (10) (2021) 5523.
[33] Lane, B. and Potter, S., “The Adoption of Cleaner Vehicles in the UK: Exploring the Consumer Attitude - Action Gap,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 15 (11-12) (2007) 1085-1092.
[34] Peters, A. & Dutschke, E., “How do Consumers Perceive Electric Vehicles? A Comparison of German Consumer Groups,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 16 (3) (2014) 359-377.
[35] Dwivedi, Y. K, Rana, N.R., Jeyaraj, A., Clement, M. and Williams, M. D., “Re-examining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Towards a Revised Theoretical Model,” Information System Frontiers, 21 (3) (2019) 719-734.
[36] Sang, Y. N. and Bekhet, H. A., “Modelling Electric Vehicle Usage Intentions: An Empirical Study in Malaysia,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 92 (2015) 75-83.
[37] He, X. and Zhan, W., “How to Activate Moral Norm to Adopt Electric Vehicles in China? An Empirical Study based on Extended Norm Activation Theory,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 172 (2018) 3546-3556.
[38] De Groot, J. I. and Steg, L., “Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model,” The Journal of Social Psychology, 149 (4) (2009) 425-449.
[39] Graham-Rowe, E., Gardner, B., Abraham, C., Skippon, S., Dittmar, H., Hutchins, R. and Stannard, J., “Mainstream Consumers Driving Plug-in Battery-Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Cars: A Qualitative Analysis of Responses and Evaluations,” Transport Research Part A: Policy and Practise, 46 (1) (2012) 140-153.