Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion at Different Age of Acacia Plantation in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
To determine the characteristics of runoff generation and soil erosion at the different ages of Acacia plantation in Luong Son headwater of Vietnam, four plots (15m2 plot-1) were set up. Of those, two plots were at up-hill and down-hill in 1-year-old and two plots in 5-years-old Acacia plantation. Soil erosion and runoff were monitored during rainy season from April to September 2018. The main finding includes: (1) Runoff coefficient at Acacia 1-year-old down and up was ranged from 0.36% - 0.46% with the average 0.41%. Acacia 5-years-old, down and up was 0.35% - 0.39%, averaged 0.37%. It shows the slightly different between the locations of two years due to the different ground cover but not statistical significant different; (2). Soil erosion in Acacia-1 and Acacia-5 year old were 21.84 and 14.20 ton/ha/6months, respectively. The data for soil erosion was statistical significant different between two ages of Acacia plantation. Soil erosion at the study site was very high within strong erosion base on TCVN5299: 2009; (3) Both runoff and soil erosion had strong relationship with precipitation (R2 range from 0.52-0.85, with P-value = 0.00). This result suggests that more concerning and applying suitable management for reducing the negative impact of Acacia plantation at the headwater of Vietnam is necessary.
Keywords:
Acacia plantation forest, runoff generation, soil erosion, vegetation cover.
References
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[29] S. De Baets, J. Poesen, A. Knapen, G.G. Barberá, J. Navarro, Root characteristics of representative Mediterranean plant species and their erosion-reducing potential during concentrated runoff, Plant and Soil. 294 (2007) 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9244-2 .
[30] Z. Zhou, Z. Shangguan, Soil anti‐scouribility enhanced by plant roots. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47 (2005) 676–682. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00067.x .
[31] J. Lesschen, L. Cammeraat, T. Nieman, Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi‐arid environment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 33 (2008) 1574–1584. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1676 .
[32] P. Jouquet, J.L. Janeau, A. Pisano, H.T. Sy, D. Orange, L.T.N. Minh, C. Valentin, Influence of earthworms and termites on runoff and erosion in a tropical steep slope fallow in Vietnam: a rainfall simulation experiment, Applied Soil Ecology. 61 (2012) 161–168. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.04.004 .
[33] Ministry of Science and Technology, TCVN 5299:2009, Soil quality: method for the determination of soil erosion, Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2009, pp 1-12.
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[35] A. Cerdà, The influence of geomorphological position and vegetation cover on the erosional and hydrological processes on a Mediterranean hillslope, Hydrological Processes. 12 (1998) 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085 (19980330)12:4%3C661: AID-HYP607%3 E3.0.CO;2-7 .
[36] T.W. Ellis, S. Leguedois, P.B. Hairsine, D.J. Tongway, Capture of overland flow by a tree belt on a pastured hillslope in south-eastern Australia, Soil Research. 44 (2006) 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR05130 .
[37] N.M. Linh, Runoff generation and soil erosion from forest road in the headwater of Vietnam (Thesis), Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017.
[38] N. Cong, D.T.T. Hoa, P.Q. Trang, V.T.H Thu, T.N Lan, Evaluating effects of Acacia plantation forest on overland flow and soil erosion in Luong Son headwater of Vietnam (Scientific Report), Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2018.
[39] A. Joel, I. Messing, O. Seguel, M. Casanova, Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes, Hydrological Processes. 16 (2002) 1467-1478. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.356.
[40] A.G. Mohammad, M.A. Adam, The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses, Catena. 81 (2010) 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008.
[41] M.A. Mohamadi, A. Kavian, Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots, International Soil Water Conservation Research. 3 (2015) 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr. 2015.10.001 .
[42] A. Parsons, P. Stone, Effects of intra-storm variations in rainfall intensity on interrill runoff and erosion, Catena. 67 (2006) 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.03.002 .
[43] C. Quansah, The effect of soil type, slope, rain intensity and their interactions on splash detachment and transport, Journal of Soil Science. 32 (1981) 215–224. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01701.x .
[44] N. Hudson, Soil conservation: fully revised and updated, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India, 2015.
[45] A.I.J.M Van Dijk, L.A. Bruijnzeel, C.J. Rosewell, Rainfall intensity - kinetic energy relationships: a critical literature appraisal, Journal of Hydrology 261 (2002) 1-23. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00020-3
[2] D. Yang, S. Kanae, T. Oki, T. Koike, K. Musiake, Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes. Hydrol. Process. 17 (2003) 2913–2928. https://doi.org/10.1002/ hyp.1441 .
[3] N.Q. My, Modern Soil Erosion and Prevention Measures, Hanoi National University Press, Hanoi, 2005.
[4] B. Joseph, Environmental studies. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2005.
[5] R.P.C. Morgan, Soil erosion and conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2009.
[6] P.O. Hården, Å. Sundborg, The lower Mekong basin suspended sediment transport and sedimentation problems, AB Hydroconsult, Appsala Sweden, 1992.
[7] S. Miyata, K. Kosugi, T. Gom., T. Mizuyama, Effects of forest floor coverage on overland flow and soil erosion on hillslopes in Japanese cypress plantation forests. Water Resour. Res. 45 (2009) W06402. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007270.
[8] T.Q. Vinh, H.T. Minh, Application of GIS to form LS factor map in soil erosion research at Tam Nong district, Phu Tho province. Sci. J. Dev. Ha Noi Univ. Agric. 4 (2009), pp. 667–674.
[9] R.C. Sidle, Y. Tsuboyama, S. Noguchi, I. Hosoda, M. Fujieda and T. Shimizu, Stormflow generation in steep forested headwaters: a linked hydrogeomorphic paradigm, Hydrol. Process. 14 (2000) 369-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI) 10991085(20000228)14:3<369::AIDHYP943>3.0.CO;2-P .
[10] N.W. Hudson, Soil Conservation, B.T. Batsford, UK, 1981.
[11] Y. Canton, A. Sole-Benet, I. Quarelt, R. Pini, Weathering of a gypsum-calcareous mud-stone under semi-arid environment in SE Spain: Laboratory and field based experimental approaches, Catena. 44 (2001) 111-132. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00153-3.
[12] B.X. Dung, S. Miyata, T. Gomi, Effect of forest thinning on overland flow generation on hillslopes covered by Japanese cypress, Ecohydrology.4 (2011) 367- 378. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/eco.135.
[13] A.C. Imeson, M. Vis, A survey of soil erosion processes in tropical forest ecosystems on volcanic ash soils in the Central Andean Cordillera, Colombia, Geografiska Annaler Series A, Physical Geography. 64 (1982) 181–198.https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1982.11880065 .
[14] M. Bonell, Selected challenges in runoff generation research in forests from the hillslope to headwater drainage basin scale, Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 34 (1998) 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01514.x .
[15] L. Descroix, D. Viramontes, M. Vauclin, J.G. Barrios, M. Esteves, Influence of soil surface features and vegetation on runoff and erosion in the Western Sierra Madre (Durango, Northwest Mexico), Catena. 43 (2001) 115–135. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00124-7.
[16] R.P.C. Morgan, Soil Erosion and Conservation, Longman, New York, 2005.
[17] R.P.C. Morgan, J.H. Duzant, Modified MMF (Morgan–Morgan–Finney) model for evaluating effects of crops and vegetation cover on soil erosion, National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, UK.33 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1530 .
[18] J. Wagenbrenner, L. MacDonald, D. Rough, Effectiveness of three post‐fire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range, Hydrol. Process. 20 (2006) 2989–3006. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/hyp.6146 .
[19] K. Nanko, S. Mizugaki, Y. Onda, Estimation of soil splash detachment 5 rates on the forest floor of an unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation based on 6 field measurements of throughfall drop sizes and velocities, Catena. 72 (2008) 328-361.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2007.07. 002.
[20] C.T. Yen, Assessing the effect of vegetation cover on soil flow and erosion in Luot Mountain (Thesis), Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014.
[21] T. Gomi, R.C. Sidle, M. Ueno, S. Miyata, K. Kosugi. 2008, Characteristics of overland flow generation on steep forested hillslopes of central Japan, Journal of Hydrology. 361 (2008) 275– 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.045.
[22] B.X. Dung, P.Q. Trang, N.T.M. Linh, D.T.T Hoa, T. Gomi, Soil erosion and overland flow from Acacia plantation forest in headwater catchment of Vietnam. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 266 (2019) (012012).https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/266/ 1/012012 .
[23] D.T. Bui, B. Pradhan, O. Lofman, I. Revhaug, O.B. Dick, Landslide susceptibility mapping at Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and GIS, Computers and Geosciences. 45 (2012) 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.10.031 .
[24] T.S. Ngo, D.B. Nguyen, P.S. Rajendra, Effect of land use change on runoff and sediment yield in Da River Basin of Hoa Binh province, Northwest Vietnam, Journal of Mountain Science. 12 (2015) 1051–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11629-013-2925-9 .
[25] A.G. Mohammad, M.A. Adam, The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses, Catena 81 (2010) 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008.
[26] P. Podwojewski, D. Orange, P. Jouquet, C. Valentin, J. Janeau, D.T. Tran, Land-use impacts on surface runoff and soil detachment within agricultural sloping lands in Northern Vietnam, Catena. 74 (2008) 109–118. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.013 .
[27] L.I.S Samingan, Fungal Succession and Decomposition of Acacia mangium Leaf Litters in Health and Ganoderma Attacked Standings, HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 16 (2009) 109-114. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.16.3.109 .
[28] C.C. Sein, R. Mitlöhner, Acacia mangium Willd: ecology and silviculture, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, 2011.
[29] S. De Baets, J. Poesen, A. Knapen, G.G. Barberá, J. Navarro, Root characteristics of representative Mediterranean plant species and their erosion-reducing potential during concentrated runoff, Plant and Soil. 294 (2007) 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9244-2 .
[30] Z. Zhou, Z. Shangguan, Soil anti‐scouribility enhanced by plant roots. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47 (2005) 676–682. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00067.x .
[31] J. Lesschen, L. Cammeraat, T. Nieman, Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi‐arid environment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 33 (2008) 1574–1584. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1676 .
[32] P. Jouquet, J.L. Janeau, A. Pisano, H.T. Sy, D. Orange, L.T.N. Minh, C. Valentin, Influence of earthworms and termites on runoff and erosion in a tropical steep slope fallow in Vietnam: a rainfall simulation experiment, Applied Soil Ecology. 61 (2012) 161–168. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.04.004 .
[33] Ministry of Science and Technology, TCVN 5299:2009, Soil quality: method for the determination of soil erosion, Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2009, pp 1-12.
[34] V.H.D. Zuazo, C.R.R. Pleguezuelo, Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers: a review, in: Sustainable Agriculture, Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 28 (2008) 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007062 .
[35] A. Cerdà, The influence of geomorphological position and vegetation cover on the erosional and hydrological processes on a Mediterranean hillslope, Hydrological Processes. 12 (1998) 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085 (19980330)12:4%3C661: AID-HYP607%3 E3.0.CO;2-7 .
[36] T.W. Ellis, S. Leguedois, P.B. Hairsine, D.J. Tongway, Capture of overland flow by a tree belt on a pastured hillslope in south-eastern Australia, Soil Research. 44 (2006) 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR05130 .
[37] N.M. Linh, Runoff generation and soil erosion from forest road in the headwater of Vietnam (Thesis), Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017.
[38] N. Cong, D.T.T. Hoa, P.Q. Trang, V.T.H Thu, T.N Lan, Evaluating effects of Acacia plantation forest on overland flow and soil erosion in Luong Son headwater of Vietnam (Scientific Report), Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2018.
[39] A. Joel, I. Messing, O. Seguel, M. Casanova, Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes, Hydrological Processes. 16 (2002) 1467-1478. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.356.
[40] A.G. Mohammad, M.A. Adam, The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses, Catena. 81 (2010) 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008.
[41] M.A. Mohamadi, A. Kavian, Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots, International Soil Water Conservation Research. 3 (2015) 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr. 2015.10.001 .
[42] A. Parsons, P. Stone, Effects of intra-storm variations in rainfall intensity on interrill runoff and erosion, Catena. 67 (2006) 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.03.002 .
[43] C. Quansah, The effect of soil type, slope, rain intensity and their interactions on splash detachment and transport, Journal of Soil Science. 32 (1981) 215–224. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01701.x .
[44] N. Hudson, Soil conservation: fully revised and updated, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India, 2015.
[45] A.I.J.M Van Dijk, L.A. Bruijnzeel, C.J. Rosewell, Rainfall intensity - kinetic energy relationships: a critical literature appraisal, Journal of Hydrology 261 (2002) 1-23. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00020-3