Integrating Air Emission Inventory and Modeling and Evaluating Spread of Particulate Matter Caused by Rice Straw Open Burning in Hanoi City
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rice straw burning is an annual activity and a major contributor to local air pollution, concentrated in a short time in most agricultural countries like Vietnam. In this study, the air emission inventory tool is used to calculate the total amount of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) generated from rice straw burning in the Winter - Spring crop in 2020 in Hanoi city. In the next step, the ADMS pollutant diffusion model was used to simulate the possibility of particulate matter transmission caused by the rice straw burning. The results show that with a total amount of 179.08 tons of PM10 and 163.3 tons of PM2.5 dispersed into the environment, causing local air pollution in the southern area of the city, where there is a large cultivated area, the rice-yield is high and the amount of straw burned in the field accounts for the majority. To minimize the impact of rice straw burning activities, government and local authorities need to be more aggressive in implementing the directive to ban burning straw in the city and provide provide more practical alternatives to farmers.
Keywords:
Air Emissions Inventories, Modelling, Rice straw burning, ADMS, PM10, PM2.5.
References
[1] H. A. Le, N. V. Thanh, D. M. Phuong, H. Q. Bang, N. Q. Hưng, D. M. Cuong, Application of SAR Sentinel-1 Satellite for Air Emission Inventory from Rice Straw Open Burning in Hanoi, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol 37, 2020, pp. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4635
(in Vietnamese).
[2] D. M. Cuong, H. A. Le, H. X. Co, Calculation of Gas Emission From Rice Straw Open Burning in Ninh Binh Province for 2010 - 2015 Period and Proposal of Mitigation Solutions, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 32, 2016, pp 70-76, https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/2681 (in Vietnamese).
[3] M. He, J. Zheng, S. Yin, Y. Zhang, Trends, Temporal and Spatial Characteristics, And Uncertainties in Biomass Burning Emissions in the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, 2011, pp. 4051-4059, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.016.
[4] H. A. Le, T. V. Anh, N. T. Q. Hung, Air Pollutants Estimated from Rice Straw Open Burning in Hanoi, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol. 5, 2017, pp 101-107 (in Vietnamese).
[5] H. A. Le, N. T. T. Hanh, L. T. Linh, Estimated Gas Emission from Burning Rice Straw in Open Fields In Thai Binh Province, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 26-33, https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/1577 (in Vietnamese).
[6] H. A. Le, D. M. Phuong, L. T. Linh, Emission Inventories of Rice Straw Open Burning in the Red River Delta of Vietnam: Evaluation of the Potential of Satellite Data, Environmental Pollution,
Vol. 260, 2020, pp. 113972-113986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113972.
[7] N. T. K. Oanh, B. T. Ly, D. Tipayarom, B. R. Manandhar, P. Prapat, C. D. Simpson, L. J. S. Liu, Characterization of Particulate Matter Emission from Open Burning of Rice Straw, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, 2011,
pp. 493-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.023.
[8] K. Thongchai, N. T. K. Oanh, Development of Spatial and Temporal Emission Inventory for Crop Residue Field Burning, Environmental Modeling & Assessment, Vol. 16, 2011, pp. 453-464, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9244-0.
[9] MONRE, Environemtal Status of Vietnam in 2016: Urban Environment Issuse, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), 2016 (in Vietnamese).
[10] D. Sirithian, S. Thepanondh, W. Laowagul, D. Morknoy, Atmospheric Dispersion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Open Burning of Agricultural Residues in Chiang Rai, Thailand, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 10, 2017, pp. 861-871, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0476-x.
[11] C. Venkataraman, G. U. M. Rao, Emission Factors of Carbon Monoxide and Size-Resolved Aerosols from Biofuel Combustion, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 35, 2001, pp. 2100-2107, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001603d.
[12] M. Biggart, J. Stocker, R. M. Doherty, O. Wild, M. Hollaway, D. Carruthers, J. Li, Q. Zhang, R. Wu, S. Kotthaus, Street-scale Air Quality Modelling for Beijing During A Winter 2016 Measurement Campaign, Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, Vol. 20, 2020, pp. 2755-2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020.
[13] M. Fallah-Shorshani, M. Shekarrizfard, M. Hatzopoulou, Integrating A Street-canyon Model with A Regional Gaussian Dispersion Model for Improved Characterisation of Near-Road Air Pollution, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 153, 2017, pp. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.01.006.
[14] N. S. Holmes, L. Morawska, A Review of Dispersion Modelling and Its Application to the Dispersion of Particles: An Overview of Different Dispersion Models Available, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, 2006, pp. 5902-5928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.003.
[15] H. Cai, S. Xie, Traffic-related Air Pollution Modeling During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: The Effects of An Odd-Even Day Traffic Restriction Scheme, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 409, 2011, pp. 1935-1948, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.025.
[16] D. Anfossi, W. Physick, Lagrangian Particle Models, The EnviroComp Institute and The Air & Waste Management Association, 2005. pp. 93-161.
[17] A. Tiwary, I. Williams, Air Pollution: Measurement, Modelling and Mitigation: CRC Press, 2018.
[18] C. Hood, I. MacKenzie, J. Stocker, K. Johnson, D. Carruthers, M. Vieno, R. Doherty, Air Quality Simulations for London Using A Coupled Regional-to-local Modelling System, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, 2018, pp. 11221-11245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11221-2018.
[19] M. Williams, R. Barrowcliffe, D. Laxen, P. Monks, Review of Air Quality Modelling in Defra, A report by the Air Quality Modeling Review Steering Group, 2011.
[20] D. Carruthers, Developments of ADMS-Urban for Complex Urban Environments: Application to London and Hong Kong, Royal Met Soc Atmospheric Chemistry Meeting, Manchester, 2015.
[21] MONRE, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), 2013 (in Vietnamese).
[22] CERS, Urban Chemistry Including The Trajectory Model, ADMS Technical Specifications, P18/03E/20, 2020.
[23] T. L. Malkin, D. E. Heard, C. Hood, J. Stocker, D. Carruthers, I. A. MacKenzie, R. M. Doherty, M. Vieno, J. Lee, J. Kleffmann, Assessing Chemistry Schemes and Constraints in Air Quality Models used to Predict Ozone in London Against The Detailed Master Chemical Mechanism, Faraday Discussions, Vol. 189, 2016, pp. 589-616, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00218D.
[24] D. C. Carslaw, K. Ropkins, Openair - an R Package for Air Quality Data Analysis, Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 27, 2012, pp. 52-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008.
[25] D. Carslaw, H. ApSimon, S. Beevers, D. Brookes, D. Carruthers, S. Cooke, N. Kitwiroon, T. Oxley, J. Stedman, J. Stocker, Defra Phase 2 Urban Model Evaluation, Defra Phase 2 Urban Model Eval, 2013.
(in Vietnamese).
[2] D. M. Cuong, H. A. Le, H. X. Co, Calculation of Gas Emission From Rice Straw Open Burning in Ninh Binh Province for 2010 - 2015 Period and Proposal of Mitigation Solutions, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 32, 2016, pp 70-76, https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/2681 (in Vietnamese).
[3] M. He, J. Zheng, S. Yin, Y. Zhang, Trends, Temporal and Spatial Characteristics, And Uncertainties in Biomass Burning Emissions in the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, 2011, pp. 4051-4059, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.016.
[4] H. A. Le, T. V. Anh, N. T. Q. Hung, Air Pollutants Estimated from Rice Straw Open Burning in Hanoi, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol. 5, 2017, pp 101-107 (in Vietnamese).
[5] H. A. Le, N. T. T. Hanh, L. T. Linh, Estimated Gas Emission from Burning Rice Straw in Open Fields In Thai Binh Province, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 26-33, https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/1577 (in Vietnamese).
[6] H. A. Le, D. M. Phuong, L. T. Linh, Emission Inventories of Rice Straw Open Burning in the Red River Delta of Vietnam: Evaluation of the Potential of Satellite Data, Environmental Pollution,
Vol. 260, 2020, pp. 113972-113986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113972.
[7] N. T. K. Oanh, B. T. Ly, D. Tipayarom, B. R. Manandhar, P. Prapat, C. D. Simpson, L. J. S. Liu, Characterization of Particulate Matter Emission from Open Burning of Rice Straw, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, 2011,
pp. 493-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.023.
[8] K. Thongchai, N. T. K. Oanh, Development of Spatial and Temporal Emission Inventory for Crop Residue Field Burning, Environmental Modeling & Assessment, Vol. 16, 2011, pp. 453-464, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9244-0.
[9] MONRE, Environemtal Status of Vietnam in 2016: Urban Environment Issuse, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), 2016 (in Vietnamese).
[10] D. Sirithian, S. Thepanondh, W. Laowagul, D. Morknoy, Atmospheric Dispersion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Open Burning of Agricultural Residues in Chiang Rai, Thailand, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 10, 2017, pp. 861-871, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0476-x.
[11] C. Venkataraman, G. U. M. Rao, Emission Factors of Carbon Monoxide and Size-Resolved Aerosols from Biofuel Combustion, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 35, 2001, pp. 2100-2107, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001603d.
[12] M. Biggart, J. Stocker, R. M. Doherty, O. Wild, M. Hollaway, D. Carruthers, J. Li, Q. Zhang, R. Wu, S. Kotthaus, Street-scale Air Quality Modelling for Beijing During A Winter 2016 Measurement Campaign, Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, Vol. 20, 2020, pp. 2755-2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020.
[13] M. Fallah-Shorshani, M. Shekarrizfard, M. Hatzopoulou, Integrating A Street-canyon Model with A Regional Gaussian Dispersion Model for Improved Characterisation of Near-Road Air Pollution, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 153, 2017, pp. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.01.006.
[14] N. S. Holmes, L. Morawska, A Review of Dispersion Modelling and Its Application to the Dispersion of Particles: An Overview of Different Dispersion Models Available, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, 2006, pp. 5902-5928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.003.
[15] H. Cai, S. Xie, Traffic-related Air Pollution Modeling During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: The Effects of An Odd-Even Day Traffic Restriction Scheme, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 409, 2011, pp. 1935-1948, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.025.
[16] D. Anfossi, W. Physick, Lagrangian Particle Models, The EnviroComp Institute and The Air & Waste Management Association, 2005. pp. 93-161.
[17] A. Tiwary, I. Williams, Air Pollution: Measurement, Modelling and Mitigation: CRC Press, 2018.
[18] C. Hood, I. MacKenzie, J. Stocker, K. Johnson, D. Carruthers, M. Vieno, R. Doherty, Air Quality Simulations for London Using A Coupled Regional-to-local Modelling System, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, 2018, pp. 11221-11245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11221-2018.
[19] M. Williams, R. Barrowcliffe, D. Laxen, P. Monks, Review of Air Quality Modelling in Defra, A report by the Air Quality Modeling Review Steering Group, 2011.
[20] D. Carruthers, Developments of ADMS-Urban for Complex Urban Environments: Application to London and Hong Kong, Royal Met Soc Atmospheric Chemistry Meeting, Manchester, 2015.
[21] MONRE, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), 2013 (in Vietnamese).
[22] CERS, Urban Chemistry Including The Trajectory Model, ADMS Technical Specifications, P18/03E/20, 2020.
[23] T. L. Malkin, D. E. Heard, C. Hood, J. Stocker, D. Carruthers, I. A. MacKenzie, R. M. Doherty, M. Vieno, J. Lee, J. Kleffmann, Assessing Chemistry Schemes and Constraints in Air Quality Models used to Predict Ozone in London Against The Detailed Master Chemical Mechanism, Faraday Discussions, Vol. 189, 2016, pp. 589-616, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00218D.
[24] D. C. Carslaw, K. Ropkins, Openair - an R Package for Air Quality Data Analysis, Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 27, 2012, pp. 52-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008.
[25] D. Carslaw, H. ApSimon, S. Beevers, D. Brookes, D. Carruthers, S. Cooke, N. Kitwiroon, T. Oxley, J. Stedman, J. Stocker, Defra Phase 2 Urban Model Evaluation, Defra Phase 2 Urban Model Eval, 2013.