Assessment of the Removal Efficiency of Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Using Aerobic Granular Sludge in Sequential Batch Reactor
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research demonstrates the assessment of the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in wastewater of Phu Bai industrial zone using aerobic granular sludge process in sequential batch reactor (SBR). The experiment was carried out in two SBR namely R1 and R2 with 240 minutes of cycle time and a two-stepwise aeration was applied including 90 minutes at airflow rate Q1=6 L/min and 136 minutes at Q2=2 L/min. However, one-step feeding was used for R1, meanwhile, 2-step feeding (75% of volumetric at the beginning of batch and 25% remaining after aeration time Q1) was applied for R2. The result showed that the size of sludge particle has increased from 1 to 2 mm and high biomass (in Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of g/L was retained in both reactors and sludge shows a good settling ability with a low SVI value of 40-42 mL/g TSS after 50 days of operational experiment. It was indicated that aerobic granular sludge in R1 and R2 still maintained the development and stability during the operation. The removal efficiency of COD and N-NH4+ removal in two reactors were similar and kept high at 92-93 and 96-97%, respectively, while P-PO43- removal efficiency was just in the range of 68-80%. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process (SND) was achieved with two-stepwise aeration in both reactors. Additionally, the experimental data showed the efficiency of SND in R2 (85-87%) was higher than that of R1 (64-68%), which demonstrated that the operating mode in R2 was more effective to treat organic matter and nitrogen in SBR operation. Furthermore, the higher efficiency of SND in R2 in comparison with R1 also leads to 10-13% higher in removal efficiency of total nitrogen between R2 (75-78%) and R1 (68-69%). However, both operating modes still did not reach the complete removal of total nitrogen in the reactor.
Keywords:
Aerobic granular sludge, sequential batch reactor, nitrogen removal, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), step-wise aeration
References
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pp. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.490.
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Vol. 31, No. 1, 2014 pp. 27-33, https://doi.org/10.1590/S010466322014000100004.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00142-1.
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[10] Q. Feng, J. S. Cao, L. N. Chen, C. Y. Guo,
J. Y. Tan, H. L. Xu, Simultaneous Nitrification
and Denitrification at Variable C/N Ratio in Aerobic Granular Sequencing Batch Reactors, Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Vol. 9, No. 3-4, 2011 pp. 1131-1136, https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2011.2516.
[11] E. I. P. Volcke, C. Picioreanu, B. D. Baets,
M. C. M. V. Loosdrecht, Effect of Granule Size on Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal in Granular Sludge Reactor, Environmental Technology, Vol. 31,
No. 11, 2010, pp. 1271-1280, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331003702746.
[12] A. M. Corral, M. K. de Kreuk, J. J. Heijnen,
M. C. M. V. Loosdrecht, Effects of Oxygen Concentration on N-removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactor, Water Research, Vol. 39, No. 12, 2005 pp. 2676-2686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.065.
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[14] N. T. Luc, N. P. Dan, T. T. Nam, Study on Granulation of Activated Sludge Using Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor for COD and Amonium Removal, Journal of Science and Technology Development, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2009, pp. 39-50
(in Vietnamese).
[15] N. D. Minh, Treatment of High-strength Organic Wastewater Using an Aerobic Granular System with Baffled Membrane Bioreactor, PhD Thesis, Asia Institute of Technology - Thailand, 2006.
[16] M. T. Vives, SBR Technology for Wastewater Treatment: Suitable Operational Conditions for Nutrient Removal, PhD Thesis, University of Girona, Girona, 2004.
[17] H. Wang, Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal in an Aerobic Granular Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor with High Dissolved Oxygen: Effects of Carbon to Nitrogen Ratios, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 642, 2018, pp. 1145-1152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.081.
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[19] M. C. M. V. Loosdrecht, P. H. Nielsen, C. M. L. Vazquez, D. Brdjanovic, Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment, IWA Publishing, Germany, 2010.
[20] J. A. O. T. R. Devlin, A. D. Biase, M. Kowalski, Granulation of Activated Sludge under Low Hydrodynamic Shear and Different Wastewater Characteristics, Bioresource Technology,
Vol. 224, 2017, pp. 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.005.
[21] S. Lochmatter, C. Holliger, Optimization of Operation Conditions for The Startup of Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactors Biologically Removing Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous, Water Research, Vol. 59, 2014, pp. 58-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.011.
[22] D. Gao, L. Liu, H. Liang, W.M. Wu, Aerobic Granular Sludge: Characterization, Mechanism of Granulation and Application to Wastewater Treatment, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2011, pp. 137-152, https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2010.497961.
[23] Z. Song, Y. Pan, K. Zhang, N. Ren, A. Wang, Effect of Seed SLudge on Characteristics and Microbial Community of Aerobic Aerobic Granular Sludge, Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 22, No. 9, 2010, pp. 1312-1318, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60256-4.
[24] T. Q. Loc, N. Q. Hung, N. D. Hai, T. T. Tu, T. D. B. Thuyen, Assessment of Aerobic Granular Sludge Development in Diffirent COD/N ratios, Hue University Journal of Science (HU JOS),
Vol. 111, No. 12, 2015 (in Vietnamses).
[25] Y. Q. Liu, J. H. Tay, Influence of Cycle Time on Kinetic Behaviors of Steady-state Aerobic Granules in Sequencing Batch Reactors, Enzyme Microbial Technology, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2007,
pp. 516-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.04.005.
[26] J. C. A. Marin, A. H. Caravelli, N. E. Zaritzky, Performance of Anoxic-Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, No. 3, 2019, pp. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84775.
[27] A. C. Kwiatkowska, I. W. Baryła, M. Szatkowski, L. Smoczyński, Biochemical Conversions and Biomass Morphology in Long-term Operated of SBR with Aerobic Granular Sludge, Desaline Water Treatment, Vol. 51, No. 10-12, 2013,
pp. 2261-2268, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.734695.
[28] J. T. Bunce, E. Ndam, I. D. Ofiteru, A. Moore,
D. W. Graham, A Review of Phosphorus Removal Technologies and Their Applicability to Small-Scale Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems, Frontier Environmental Science, Vol. 6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00008.
[29] M. Angela, B. Béatrice, S. Mathieu, Biologically Induced Phosphorus Precipitation in Aerobic Granular Sludge Process, Water Research, Vol. 45, No. 12, 2011, pp. 3776-3786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.031.
[30] Y. H. Ong, A. S. M. Chua, B. P. Lee, G. C. Ngoh, M. A. Hashim, An Observation on Sludge Granulation in an Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process, Water Environmetal Research, Vol. 84, No. 1, 2012, pp. 3-8, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143011x13184219229335.
[31] X. Liu, C. Guo, D. Peng, Biological Phosphorus Removal with Granular Sludge in SBR, 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering in Beijing, China, 2019, pp. 5-8, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBBE.2009.5162451.
[32] X. H. Wang, L. X. Jiang, Y. J. Shi, M. M. Gao,
S. Yang, S. G. Wang, Effects of Step-feed on Granulation Processes and Nitrogen Removal Performances of Partial Nitrifying Granules, Bioresoure Technology, Vol. 123, 2012,
pp. 375-381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.080.