Investigation of Drought Characteristics Across Vietnam During Period 1980-2018 using SPI and SPEI Drought Indices
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study the drought characteristics, trend of change and relationship between drought over Vietnam and large scale processes were investigated using drought indices of SPI and SPEI. The monthly mean temperature and precipitation data collected from 146 stations of Vietnam for the period 1980-2018 and datasets of monthly climate indices were used. The drought characteristics, including drought frequency, drought duration, drought severity and drought spatial extent, were investigated for three time scales of 3-month, 6-month and 12-month droughts. Trend of drought change was estimated using Mann-Kendal test and Sen’s slopes. The relationship between drought and large scale processes were examined based on correlation coefficients of drought indices and climate indices as well as their empirical orthogonal functions. The obtanied results showed that there is no distinction between drought characteristics calculated from SPI and SPEI but drought characteristics are significant different among drought time scales. Effects of temperature on drought are only reflected in the trend of change in drought indices. Both SPI and SPEI indices showed that drought frequency and drought duration are larger in the northern sub-regions than that in southern sub-regions. Drought in the southern sub-regions is strongly associated with the ENSO indices. In the North Central and a part of South Central drought is somewhat related to the multi-year variability of the SST over Pacific and Atlantic oceans, while in the three northern sub-regions drought is slightly correlated with climate indices.
Keywords:
Drought, SPI, SPEI, ENSO, Changing Trend.
References
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[4] A. K. Mishra, V. P. Singh, A Review of Drought Concepts, Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 391,
No. 1-2, 2010, pp. 202-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012.
[5] J. A. Dracup, K. S. Lee, E. G. Paulson Jr, On the Definition of Droughts, Water Resources Research, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1980, pp. 297-302, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i002p00297.
[6] Y. Ge, T. Apurv, X. Cai, Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Drought in The Continental US During the Past Century, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2016, pp. 6294-6303, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069660.
[7] B. Saghafian, H. Mehdikhani, Drought Characterization Using a New Copula-Based Trivariate Approach, Natural hazards, Vol. 72, No. 3, 2014, pp. 1391-1407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0921-6.
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[10] C. R. Schwalm, W. R. L. Anderegg, A. M. Michalak, J. B. Fisher, F. Biondi, G. Koch, M. Litvak, K. Ogle, J. D. Shaw, A. Wolf, andothers, Global Patterns of Drought Recovery, Nature, Vol. 548, Vol. 7666, 2017, pp. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23021.
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[19] Z. Hao, A. AghaKouchak, N. Nakhjiri, A. Farahmand, Global Integrated Drought Monitoring and Prediction System. Scientific data 1, Vol. 140001, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2014.1.
[20] B. Lyon, M. A. Bell, M. K. Tippett, A. Kumar, M. P. Hoerling, X. M. Quan, H. Wang, Baseline Probabilities for The Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 51, No. 7, 2012, pp. 1222-1237, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0132.1.
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[22] X. Yuan, J. K. Roundy, E. F. Wood, J. Sheffield, Seasonal Forecasting of Global Hydrologic Extremes: System Development and Evaluation Over GEWEX Basins. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 96, No. 11, 2015, pp. 1895-1912, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00003.1.
[23] X. Yuan, E. F. Wood, Z. Ma, A Review on Climate-Model-Based Seasonal Hydrologic Forecasting: Physical Understanding and System Development, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2015, pp. 523-536, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1088.
[24] N. L. Bang, Effects of ENSO on Drought in Cai-River Basin. Journal of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2014, No. 46, 2014, pp. 71-78 (in Vietnamses).
[25] V. H. Nguyen, Q. F. Li, L. B. Nguyen, Drought Forecasting Using ANFIS- a Case Study in Drought Prone Area of Vietnam, Paddy and Water Environment, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2017, pp. 605-616, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0579-x.
[26] L. H. N. Thanh, N. H. Ngu, N. T. N. Linh,
D. Q. Non, Research on the Effect of Drought for Rice Land in Que Son District, Quang Nam Province, Huaf Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology, Vol. 2, No 1, 2018, pp. 547-558 (in Vietnamese).
[27] L. V. V. Phong, P. V. TanM. V. Khiem, T. Q. Duc, Space-Time Variability of Dr, ought Over Vietnam. Int. J. Climatol, Vol. 39, No. 14, 2019, pp. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6164 .
[28] T. B. McKee, N. J. Doesken, J. Kleist, The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales. Preprints, 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, January 17-22, Anaheim, California 1993, pp. 179-184, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wat2.1088.
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[32] M. G. Kendall, Rank Correlation Methods, Charles Griffin, London, 1975.
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