Separated or Combined Treatment of Dye Wastewater Streams: A Case Study with Coagulation and Flocculation Process
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study compared the treatment conditions and efficiencies of the coagulation and flocculation process (CFP) on mixed and separated dye wastewater. The CFP, which employed Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) as coagulant and mucilage extracted from the peel of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) (DFPM) as flocculant, was investigated based on Jar-tests. The suitable coagulation and flocculation conditions were found similar at pH (4-7), settling time (30-60 min.), and flocculant dosage (2-5 mg/L) for both type of wastewaters. However, the optimal PAC dosage was determined to be significantly higher for separated dye wastewater stream (330 mg/L PAC) than for the mixed one (260 mg/L PAC) to ensure same treatment efficiencies. The treatment efficiencies were similar for TSS and turbidity of both wastewater types; However, much less for color and COD of separated dye wastewater stream in comparison to those of the mixed one (78% and 68% vs 90% and 76%, respectively). This study provides a scientific basis for the consideration of separated or combined treatment of dye wastewater streams by CFP.
Keywords:
Separated treatment, dye wastewater, coagulation, flocculation.
References
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Z. Rais, Impact of Chemical Substances Used in Textile Industry on the Employee’s Health: Epidemiological Study, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., Vol. 197, 2020, pp. e110594,
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110594.
[4] X. Jin, C. Wu, X. Tian, P. Wang, Y. Zhou, J. Zuo, A Magnetic-Void-Porous MnFe2O4/Carbon Microspheres Nano-Catalyst for Catalytic Ozonation: Preparation, Performance and Mechanism, Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol, Vol. 7, 2021, pp. e100110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2021.100110.
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[6] A. K. Verma, R. R. Dash, P. Bhunia, A Review on Chemical Coagulation/Flocculation Technologies for Removal of Colour from Textile Wastewaters, J. Environ. Manage, Vol. 93, 2012, pp. 154-168, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.012.
[7] C. Y. Teh, P. M. Budiman, K. Y. Shak, T. Y. Wu, Recent Advancement of Coagulation-Flocculation and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 55, 2016, pp. 4363-4389, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04703.
[8] A. Butkovskyi, L. H. Leal, G. Zeeman, H. H. M. Rijnaar, Micropollutants in Source Separated Wastewater Streams and Recovered Resources of Source Separated Sanitation, Environ. Res,
Vol. 156, 2017, pp. 434-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.044.
[9] D. Yang, L. Deng, D. Zheng, L. Wang, Y. Liu, Separation of Swine Wastewater Into Different Concentration Fractions and Its Contribution to Combined Anaerobic–Aerobic Process, J. Environ, Manae, Vol. 168, 2016, pp. 87-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.049.
[10] H. H. Nguyen, L. N. Tran, V. T. Doan, L. M. Luu, Q. T. Nguyen, Q. V. Pham, A. V. Ngo, O. T. H. Le, Coagulation and Flocculation of Dye Wastewater by Fecl3 and Mucilage Extracted from Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus Undatus) in Regard of Side
Effects Caused by the use of PACl and PAM, Desalin, Water Treat, Vol. 250, 2022, pp. 181-188, https://doi.org/ 10.5004/dwt.2022.28152.
[11] T. H. O. Le, L. N. Le, V. T. Doan, Q. V. Pham,
A. V. Ngo, H. H. Nguyen, Mucilage Extracted from Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus undatus) as Flocculant for Treatment of Dye Wastewater by Coagulation and Flocculation Process, Int. J. Polym. Sci, Vol. 2020, 2020, pp. e7468343, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7468343.
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[13] C. S. Lee, J. Robinson, C. M. Fong, A Review on Application of Flocculants in Wastewater Treatment, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 92, 2014, pp. 489-508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010.
[14] Z. Y. Chen, B. Fan, X. J. Peng, Z. G. Zhang,
J. H. Fan, Z. K. Luan, Evaluation of Al30 Polynuclear Species in Polyaluminum Solutions As Coagulant for Water Treatment, Chemosphere, Vol. 64, 2006, pp. 912-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.038.
[15] T. H. Kim, C. Park, E. B. Shin, S. Kim, Decolorization of Disperse and Reactive Dye Solutions Using Ferric Chloride, Desalination, Vol. 161, 2004, pp. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(04)90039-2.
[16] E. E. G. Cruz, J. R. Ramírez, L. L. M. Lagunas,
L. M. Torres, Rheological and Physical Properties of Spray- Dried Mucilage Obtained from Hylocereus Undatus Cladodes, Carbohydr, Polym, Vol. 91, 2013, pp. 394-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(04)90039-2.