Study on Weathered Slope Landslides and Causes in Mu Cang Chai District, Yen Bai Province
Main Article Content
Abstract
Landslides are one of the most frequent types of natural hazards occurring in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. With a humid tropical climate, the slope weathering processes increase the prevalence of landslides on weathered slopes. This paper synthesizes research approaches to weathered slope landslides. It applies to identifying the factors contributing to the landslide area behind the former procuracy building in Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai province. The study used published data besides field surveys and laboratory analyses. The results identified that several processes influence the landslide, including heterogeneous weathered soil and rock, thinly foliated bedrock with fracture systems aligned with the sliding direction, expansive surface soils with a high risk of strength reduction and deformation, and partially weathered or fractured zones prone to forming slip surfaces. Furthermore, the accumulation of water drainage lines at the toe of the landslide increases pressure, thereby enhancing landslide risk.
Keywords:
Weathered slope, weathered soil properties, landslide disaster.
References
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[3] P. V. An, Final Report on the Research Project Tropical Humid Weathering Crusts in Vietnam and the Assessment of Related Mineral Potential, under the KT-01 Program, Project Code KT-01-06, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 1985 (in Vietnamese).
[4] N. V. Pho, Tropical Humid Weathering in Vietnam, Natural Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2013 (in Vietnamese).
[5] N. T. Yem, Research on the Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows in High-Risk Areas of the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam, and Recommendations for Prevention and Damage Mitigation, Project Research on Developing Zoning Maps for Natural Environmental Hazards in Vietnam's Territory, under the KC-08 Program, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 2006 (in Vietnamese).
[6] N T. T. Nhan, H. V. Hanh, D. Q. Thien, H. N. T. Do, N. Q. Tuan, Assessment of Slope Stability of Deluvial Debris Soil and Rock in the Hilly Areas of Thua Thien Hue Province, Journal of Science and Technology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2020, pp. 181-193 (in Vietnamese).
[7] N. V. Ky, V. V. Vinh, V. N. Tien, The Relationship between Weathering Intensity and Geomorphological, Geological Factors and Landslide Phenomena in the Buon Tung Area, Dak Nong Province, Journal of Science and Technology Development, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2007 (in Vietnamese).
[8] L. Q. Hung, Report on the Investigation, Assessment, and Zoning of Landslide Hazard Warnings in the Mountainous Regions of Vietnam. Phase I Product of the Project Investigation, Assessment, and Zoning of Landslide Hazards in the Mountainous Regions of Vietnam, Conducted by the Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Hanoi, 2015, http://canhbaotruotlo.vn/hientrangcactinh.html (accessed on: April 1st, 2024).
[9] P. T. Binh, B. T. Dieu, I. Prakash, Landslide Susceptibility Modelling Using Different Advanced Decision Trees Methods, Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, Vol. 35, No. 1-4, 2018, pp. 139-157, htps://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2019.1568418
[10] D. Norbury, S. R. Hencher, J. Cripps, A. Lumsden, Description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes: Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Vol. 28, 1995, pp. 207-242, http://qjegh.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/3/267 (accessed on: April 1st, 2024).
[11] D. G. Move, Engineering Geology for the Snowy Mountain Scheme, Journal of Institution of Engineers, Australia, Vol. 27, 1955, pp. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.98.155.
[12] R. P. Martin and S. R. Hencher, Principles for Description and Classification of Weathered Rocks for Engineering Purposes, ln: HAWKINS, A. B. (ed.) Site Investigation Practice: Assessing BS5930, Geological Society, London, Engineer- ing Geology Special Publication, Vol. 2, 1986, pp. 299-308, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.1986.002.01.53.
[13] Anonymous, The Description and Classification of Weathered Rocks for Engineering Purposes, Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 28, 1995, pp. 207-242, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1995.028.P3.05.
[14] GCO, Guide Rock and Soil descriptions (Geoguide 3), Geotechnical Control Office, Hong Kong, 1988.
[15] GEO, Report No. 138 Guidelines for Natural Terrain Hazard Studies, Geotechnical Control Office, Hong Kong, 2016.
[16] GEO, Geoguide 2 - Guide to Site Investigation, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, 2017.
[17] L. Borrelli, F. Perri, S. Critelli, G. Gullà, Minero-Petrographical Features of Weathering Profiles in Calabria, Southern Italy, Catena, Vol. 92, 2012,
pp. 196-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.01.003.
[18] L. Borrelli, S. Coniglio, S. Critelli, A. La Barbera, G. Gullà, Weathering Grade in Granitoid Rocks: the San Giovanni in Fiore area (Calabria, Italy), J Maps, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2016, pp. 260-275.
[19] F. Ietto, F. Perri, F. Cella, Weathering Characterization for Landslides Modeling in Granitoid Rock Masses of the Capo Vaticano promontory (Calabria, Italy), Landslides, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2018, pp. 43-62, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0860-5.
[20] F. Arıkan, R. Ulusay, N. Aydın, Characterization of Weathered Acidic Volcanic Rocks and a Weathering Classification Based on a Rating System, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 66, No.4, 2007, pp. 415-430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-007-0087-0
[21] H. M. Tuyen, L. H. Dung, L. T. Nghia, Flash Flood Events in Mu Cang Chai and Muong La on August 2017 – Cause and Prevention Meaures, Journal of Climate Chang Science, No. 3, 2017, pp. 61-67.
[22] D. T. Toan, O. Soulinthone, N. T. Thanh, N. V. Ha, D. Q. Khang, B. V. Dong, D. M. Duc, Inventory of Landslides Triggered by Extreme Rainfall in August 2023 along the National Road No. 32, Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai province. Proceedings of the Sixth International Scientific Conference: Earth and Environmental Science Mining for Digital Transformation, Green Development and Response to Global Change, Science and Technics Publishing House, ISBN:978-804-87-2826-9, 2023, pp 227-239.
[23] Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam, Publishing house for Science and Technology, Hanoi, ISBN: 978-604-913-047-2, 2011,
[24] H.W. Nesbitt, G.M. Young, Early Proterozoic Climates and Plate Motions Inferred from Major Element Chemistry of Lutites, Nature, Vol. 299, 1982, pp. 715–717.
[25] N. Lu, Linking Soil Water Adsorption to Geotechnical Engineering Properties, In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering (Issue June), Springer International Publishing, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06249-1_4
[26] J. Zhan, Q. Wang, W. Zhang, Y. Shangguan, S. Song, J. Chen, Soil-Engineering Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Shallow Landslides in Soft-Rock Materials, Catena, Vol. 181, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104093.