Characteristics of Microplastics in Bivalves of Rock Oysters and Sea Clams in the South Central Coast, Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as one of the new substances causing environmental pollution, which is a growing concern because their nature can pose risks to human health and the environment. We analyzed characteristics of microplastics such as density, size, shape, and polymer types in natural rock oysters, Saccostrea sp, and sea clams Venus sp in the South Central Coast using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (µFTIR) on a microscope Nicolet iN10 MX. The results showed that microplastics in Saccostrea sp and Venus sp present with density of 1 - 21 and 4 - 5 particles/individual, respectively. The average concentration of microplastics was about 0.25 - 1.59 particles/gram of fresh tissue weight. The size of microplastics ranged from 20 μm to more than 500 μm, mainly found in range of 50 - 150 μm. Commonly found microplastics shapes were fragment and fiber. There were ten polymer types found, of which the most common was polyethylene terephthalate (PET), accounting for 58%, and the popular nylon type with 10% of the total microplastics. In addition, some other polymers were also detected by FTIR technique, such as polypropylene (PP) contributing about 9% of the total microplastics, HDPE 30060M, and Melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin contributing 7%. In summary, this study investigated the presence of microplastics and assessed the risk of microplastics in bivalves that possibly affect human health (PHI index of 100.81).
References
Vol. 12, No. 2445, 2020, pp. 1-27, https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/w12092445.
[2] S. Yuvedha, U. Yoganandhan, and Nampoothiri, N. V. N. Nampoothiri, Quantitative Analysis of Microplastics in Wastewater from Treatment Plant by Visual Identification and FT-IR Imaging Using H2O2 and FeSO4: A Case Study, IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering,
Vol. 561, 2019, pp. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/561/1/012026.
[3] J. Sun, X. Dai, Q. Wang, M. C. M. V. Loosdrecht, B. J. Ni, Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Detection, Occurrence and Removal, Water Research, Vol. 152, 2019, pp. 21-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.050.
[4] L. Lahens, E. Strady, T. C. K. Le, R. Dris, K. Boukerma, E. Rinnert, J. Gasperi, and B. Tassin, Macroplastic and Microplastic Contamination Assessment of a Tropical River (Saigon River, Vietnam) Transversed by a Developing Megacity, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 236, 2018, pp. 661-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.005.
[5] M. A. Browne, P. Crump, S. J. Niven, E. Teuten, A. Tonkin, T. Galloway, R. Thompson, Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, No. 21, 2011,
pp. 9175-9179, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s.
[6] D. Lithner, Å. Larsson, and G. Dave, Environmental and Health Hazard Ranking and Assessment of Plastic Polymers Based on Chemical Composition, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 409, No. 18, 2011,
pp. 3309-3324, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969711004268 (accessed on: April 1st, 2024).
[7] C. P. Liao, C. C. Chiu, H. W. Huang, Assessment of Microplastics in Oysters in Coastal Areas of Taiwan, Environmental Pollutant, Vol. 286, 2021, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121010198 (accessed on: April 1st, 2024).
[8] J. Ding, C. Sun, C. He, J. Li, P. Ju, F. Li, Microplastics in Four Bivalve Species and Basis for Using Bivalves as Bioindicators of Microplastic Pollution, Science of the Total Environment,
Vol 782, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146830.
[9] A. A. Sfriso, Y. Tomio, B. Rosso, A. Gambaro, A. Sfriso, F. Corami, E. Rastelli, C. Corinaldesi, M. Michele, C. Munari, Microplastic Accumulation in Benthic Invertebrates in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica), Environment International,
Vol. 137, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105587.
[10] L. I. Bendell, E. LeCadre, W. Zhou, Use of Sediment Dwelling Bivalves to Biomonitor Plastic Particle Pollution in Intertidal Regions; A Review and Study, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232879.
[11] J. Li, A. L. Lusher, J. M. Rotchel, S. Deudero, A. Turra, I. L. N. Bråte, C. Sun, M. S. Hossain, Q. Li, P. Kolandhasamy, H. Shi, Using Mussel as a Global Bioindicator of Coastal Microplastic Pollution, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 244, 2019, pp. 522-533, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envpol.2018.10.032.
[12] V. M. Do, T. T. Dang, X. T. T. Le, D. T. Nguyen, T. V. Phung, D. N. Vu, H. V. Pham, Abundance of Microplastics in Cultured Oysters (Crassostrea Gigas) from Danang Bay of Vietnam, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 180, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113800.
[13] Q. A. T. Nguyen, H. N. Y. Nguyen, E. Strady, Q. T. Nguyen, M. T. Dang, V. M. Vo, Characteristics of Microplastics in Shoreline Sediments from a Tropical and Urbanized Beach (Da Nang, Vietnam), Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 161, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.11176.
[14] S. Opfer, C. Arthur, S. Lippiatt, NOAA Marine DebrisShoreline Survey Field Guide, NOAA Marine Debris Program, 2012, https://doi.org/www.MarineDebris.noaa.gov.
[15] M. R. Jung, F. D. Horgen, S. V. Orski, C. V. Rodriguez, K. L. Beers, G. H. Balazs, T. T. Jones, T. M. Work, K. C. Brignac, S. J. Royer, K. D. Hyrenbach, B. A. Jensen and J. M. Lynch, Validation of ATR FT-IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms, Marine Pollution Bulletin,
Vol. 127, 2018, pp. 704-716, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X17310949 (accessed on: April 1st, 2024).