Impacts of Vetiver Grass and DT2008 Soybean Cover Crop Practices on Soil Quality in Citrus Orchards in Cao Phong, Hoa Binh
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of biomass management, residue quantity, and quality from Vetiver grass and DT2008 soybean cover crops in improving soil quality, including carbon and nitrogen content and soil physiochemical properties. Mesocosm experiments in pots were conducted with six treatments, each was replicated three times: CT0 (control), CT1 (2% Vetiver grass mulch), CT2 (2% DT2008 mulch), CT3 (1% Vetiver grass and 1% DT2008 mulch), CT4 (1% Vetiver grass and 1% DT2008 buried), and CT5 (2% DT2008 buried). After 12 months, significant increases in total carbon, nitrogen, and humic and fulvic acids were observed, indicating enhanced soil physiochemical properties. CT5 and CT4 showed the highest carbon, nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) improvements. Soil moisture, pH in water (pHH2O), pH in KCl (pHKCl), and hydrolytic acidity were higher in CT1, CT2, and CT3. Nitrogen accumulation efficiency was relatively lower than carbon (24.44% to 86.67%), while carbon accumulation efficiency was much higher (41.94% to 91.72%). The most effective methods were to bury soybean biomass or mulch Vetiver grass over a soybean plant mulching layer, with Vetiver grass mulch recommended for enhancing and conserving soil fertility.
Keywords:
Vetiver grass, DT2008 soybean plant, citrus, soil properties, Cao Phong orange.
References
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[2] FAO, Land & Water, Citrus, https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/crop-information/citrus/en/ (accessed on: August 4th, 2024).
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(in Vietnamese).
[4] T. T. T. Thu, Report of the Project: Investigation of the Water Holding Capacity and Soil Fertility Restoration Using Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Intercropped with Soybean for Citrus Gardens in Hoa Binh Province Towards Achieving Sustainable Farming, Code QG 21.23, 2023, VNU (in Vietnamese).
[5] D. T. Trang, T. T. T. Thu, N. M. Anh, N. N. Ly, P. T. M. Phuong, T. Tsubota, N. N. Minh, Fungicide Application Can Intensify Clay Aggregation and Exacerbate Copper Accumulation in Citrus Soils, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 288, No. 117703, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117703.
[6] Y. H. Niu, L. Wang, X. G. Wan, Q. Z. Peng,
Q. Huang, Z. H. Shi, A Systematic Review of Soil Erosion in Citrus Orchards Worldwide, Catena, Vol. 206, No. 105558, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105558.
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[10] A. S. B. Escanhoela, L. M. Pitombo, C. B. Brandani, A. A. Navarrete, C. B. Bento, J. B. D. Carmo, Organic Management Increases Soil Nitrogen but not Carbon Content In A Tropical Citrus Orchard with Pronounced N2O Emissions, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 234, 2019, pp. 326-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.109.
[11] Y. Hu, P. Zhan, B. W. Thomas, J. Zhao, X. Zhang, H. Yan, Z. Zhang, S. Chen, X. Shi, Y. Zhang, Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Orchard Soil with Organic Fertilization And Cover Crop Management: A Global Meta-Analysis, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 852,
No. 158402, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158402.
[12] Y. Wang, P. Wu, Y. Qiao, Y. Li, S. Liu, C. Gao, C. Liu, J. Shao, H. Yu, Z. Zhao, X. Guan, P. Wen, T. Wang, the Potential for Soil C Sequestration and N Fixation Under Different Planting Patterns Depends on the Carbon and Nitrogen Content And Stability of Soil Aggregates, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 897, No. 165430, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165430.
[13] K. S. Are, S. O. Oshunsanya, G. A. Oluwatosin, Changes in Soil Physical Health Indicators of an Eroded Land as Influenced By Integrated Use of Narrow Grass Strips and Mulch, Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. 184, 2018, pp. 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.08.009.
[14] K. R. Ball, J. A. Baldock, C. Penfold, S. A. Power, S. J. Woodin, P. Smith, E. Pendall, Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Pools Are Increased by Mixed Grass and Legume Cover Crops in Vineyard Agroecosystems: Detecting Short-Term Management Effects Using Infrared Spectroscopy, Geoderma, Vol. 379, No. 114619, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114619.
[15] N. T. Siem, Integrated Management of Organic Matter and Nutrients for Sustainable Use of Sloping Land, Conference Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment: Protection and Sustainable Use of Sloping Land, Agricultural Publishing House, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[16] H. T. T. Doan, N. V. Toan, L. T. T. Thuy, N. H. Hong, T. T. T. Thu, Selection and Evaluation of Microorganisms Capability of A Single Flash of Foliage Prune Tea Plant in the Laboratory and Out of Production, Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, No. 23, 2023, pp. 20-26.
[17] N. X. Cu, T.T.T. Thu, Organic Matter in Soil, Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 2016 (in Vietnamese).
[18] T. T. T. Thu, D. T. Hoan, P. V. Quang, N. X. Huan, N. D. Tho, Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration as Affected by Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Intercropped in Citrus Orchards in Cao Phong, Hoa Binh, Vietnam Soil Science, No. 71, 2023, pp. 18-25 (in Vietnamese).
[19] J. K. Raman, C. M. Alves, E. Gnansounou, A Review on Moringa Tree And Vetiver Grass - Potential Biorefinery Feedstocks, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 249, 2018, pp. 1044-1051, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.094.
[20] M. Q. Vinh, P. T. B. Chung, N. V. Manh, L. T. A. Hong, Techniques for Planting and Cultivating New Soybean Varieties, Agricultural Publishing House, 2012.
[21] L. V. Khoa, N. X. Cu, B. T. N. Dung, L. Duc, T. K. Hiep, C. V. Tranh, Methods of Analysis of Soils, Waters, Fertilizers and Plants, Vietnam Education Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[22] V. Jílková, A. Sim, B. Thornton, E. Paterson, Grass Rather Than Legume Species Decrease Soil Organic Matter Decomposition with Nutrient Addition, Soil Biology and Biochemistry,
Vol. 177, No. 108936, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108936.
[23] K. Baumann, I. Schöning, M. Schrumpf, R. H. Ellerbrock, P. Leinweber, Rapid assessment of soil organic matter: Soil color analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Geoderma,
Vol. 278, 2016, pp. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.05.012.
[24] S. Pärnpuu, A. Astover, T. Tõnutare, P. Penu, K. Kauer, Soil Organic Matter Qualification with FTIR Spectroscopy Under Different Soil Types in Estonia, Geoderma Regional, Vol. 28, No. e00483, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00483.
[25] B. H. Stuart, Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley Publishing House, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1002/0470011149.
[26] R. Wang, Z. Fang, J. Yu, Y. Chen, X. Li, Z. Zhang, C. Xiao, R. Chi, The Adsorption Mechanism of NH4+ On Clay Mineral Surfaces: Experimental and Theoretical Studies, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 354, Part 1, 2024, No. 128521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128521.
[27] T. Zhao, S. Xu, F. Hao, Differential Adsorption of Clay Minerals: Implications for Organic Matter Enrichment, Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 246, No. 104598, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104598.