Assessing the Capacity of Mangroves to Remove Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Coastal Shrimp Farms in Kim Son District, Ninh Binh Province
Main Article Content
Abstract
Among the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests, there are environmental cleaning services based on their ability to adsorb and accumulate pollutants in sediment layers as well as adsorbtion and sequestration by forest plants. In order to estimate the ability of mangrove forests to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from shrimp wastewater in Kim Son district, Ninh Binh province, this study conducted some laboratory analyses to confirm the NH4+ and PO43- adsorption capacity of soil and estimated the monetary value of the mangrove forests based on the emission coeficients from the farming of black tiger shrimp, white leg shrimp and the biomass incorporation coeficients of N and P by mangrove forests. Based on the amount of wastewater generated and corresponding content of N and P to be treated, the monetary values derived from the N and P removal capacity of the mangrove forests in Kim Son district are estimated using the cost of similar treatment investment provided by other service providers. According to calculations, the amount pollutant load from shrimp farming in the coastal area of Kim Son district in 2023 is 36,953,064 kg of N, 7,550,382 kg of P and 4,576,894.86 m3 of wastewater. The estimated results for 719 hectares of mangrove forests in Kim Son district in 2023 show that this area of the forests is fully capable of removing 100% of N and P found in wastewater discharged from shrimp farming activities. The value of environmental cleaning services through the ability to sequester N and P in shrimp farming wastewater of Kim Son mangrove forest is equivalent to about 16,019 billion VND/year..
Keywords:
nitrogen cleaning ability, phosphorus cleaning ability, mangrove forests, aquaculture, Kim Son.
References
[1] P. T. Anh, C. Kroeze, S. R. Bush, P. J. M Arthur, Water Pollution by Intensive Brackish Shrimp Farming in South-east Vietnam: Causes and Options for Control, Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 97, No. 6, 2010, pp. 872-882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.018.
[2] Department of Fisheries, Report on Brackish Water Shrimp Production Results in 2023, Key Tasks and Solutions in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[3] T. V. Phuong, T. V.Viet, T. Q.Phu, Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Intensive Black Tiger Shrimp Ponds During the Rainy Season in Soc Trang, Can Tho University Journal of Science, No.8, 2007, pp. 132-138, https://ctujsvn.ctu.edu.vn/index.php/ctujsvn/article/view/498 (in Vietnamese).
[4] N. D. Q.Tram, N. T. Dung, L. T. T. An, T. N. Ngoc, N. T. Minh, N. K. H. Son, Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in White-leg Shrimp Ponds Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931) in Thua Thien Hue Province, Hue University Journal of science: Agriculture and Rural development, Vol. 100, No. 1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.26459/jard.v100i1.2983 (in Vietnamese).
[5] N. T. B. Van, Study on Organic Matter Transformation in Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Ponds Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931), PhD Thesis, Nong Lam University, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
[6] C. Wigand, A. J. Oczkowski, B. L. Branoff, M. Eagle, A. Hanson, R. M. Martin, S. Balogh, K. M. Miller, E. Huertas, J. Loffredo, E. B. Watson, Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in The Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States), Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol. 4, 2021, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.765896.
[7] A. I. Robertson, M. J. Phillips, Mangroves As Filters of Shrimp Pond Effluent: Predictions and Biogeochemical Research Needs, Hydrobiologia, Vol. 295, 1995, pp. 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029138.
[8] D. Murdiyarso, J. Purbopuspito, J. B. Kauffman, M. W. Warren, S. D. Sasmito, D. C. Donato, S. Manuri, H. Krisnawati, S. Taberima, S. Kurnianto, The Potential of Indonesian Mangrove Forests for Global Climate Change Mitigation, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, 2015, pp. 1089-1092, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734.
[9] National Institute of Urban and Rural Planning, Explanation of the Master Plan for Construction of The Area From Binh Minh II Dyke to Con Noi, Kim Son District, Ninh Binh Province to 2040, 2023, pp. 16 (in Vietnamese).
[10] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2000, 2000, pp. 24 (in Vietnamese).
[11] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2015, 2015, pp. 26 (in Vietnamese).
[12] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2023, 2023, pp. 12 (in Vietnamese).
[13] L.Qiu, E. Wang, R. Li, X. Wu, Y.Huang, G. Lin, B. Li, The Urgent Need to Reduce Phosphorus Discharges for Sustainable Mangrove Wetland Management, Water Research, Vol. 258, 2024, pp. 121821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121821,
[14] S. Balamurugan, L. Muthukrishnan, N. Karthi, C. D. Niruban, A. Yogaanandhi, R. D. Asir, Nutrient Filtering Service of Mangrove Ecosystem of Karnataka, India, 10th International Conference on "Sustainable Waste Management towards Circular Economy At: India, Waste Management and Circular Economy, 2021, pp. 34-42.
[15] L. Zhao, G. Fu, A. Zeng, B. Cheng, Z. Song, Z. Hu, Effects of Different Aeration Strategies and Ammonia-nitrogen Loads on Nitrification Performance and Microbial Community Succession of Mangrove Constructed Wetlands for Saline Wastewater Treatment, Chemosphere, Vol. 339, 2023, pp. 139685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139685.
[16] Y. Wu, A. Chung, N. F. Y. Tam, N. Pi, M. H. Wong, Constructed Mangrove Wetland as Secondary Treatment System for Municipal Wastewater, Ecological Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2008, pp. 137–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.010.
[17] F. Liu, J. Zeng, J. Ding, C. Wang, Z. He, Z. Liu, L. Shu, Microbially-driven Phosphorus Cycling and Its Coupling Mechanisms with Nitrogen Cycling in Mangrove Sediments, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 958, 2024, pp. 178118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178118.
[18] D. M. Alongi, Nitrogen Cycling and Mass Balance in the World’s Mangrove Forests, Nitrogen (Switzerland), Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, pp. 167-189, https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen1020014.
[19] M. F. Adame, B. Fry, Source and Stability of Soil Carbon in Mangrove and Freshwater Wetlands of the Mexican Pacific coast, Wetland Ecology Management, Vol. 24, 2016, pp. 1-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9475-6.
[20] V. V .Luong, L. V. Thang, D. V. Hieu, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Mangrove Soils in Quynh Luu, Dien Chau and Nghi Loc Districts, Nghe An Province, Hue University Journal of Science: Agriculture and Rural Development, Vol. 131, No. 3A, 2022, pp. 5-15, https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijard.v131i3A.6257 (in Vietnamese).
[21] H. Wissem, S. Mongi, Ammonium Sorption by Soils Profile of Semi-arid Areas, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2015, pp. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-0951133141.
[22] T. T. T.Thu, H. T. M. Ly, Study on the Ability to Absorb and Provide Easily Digestible Phosphorus for Orange Trees in Cao Phong District, Hoa Binh Province, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1S, 2016, pp 363-369 (in Vietnamese).
[23] P. T. P. Thuy, D. T. B. Huyen, N. M. Hoa, Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity on Vegetable Growing Soil Mainly in The Mekong Delta, Can Tho University Journal of Science, No. 22a, 2012, pp. 222-232 (in Vietnamese).
[24] N. T. D. Trang, T. D. Duy, T. P. Toan, N. H. Thanh, N. T. San, T. S .Nam, Assessment of Water Quality and Discharge from Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Farming Ponds in Soc Trang Province, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Vol. 58, No. 1B, 2022, pp. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2022.024 (in Vietnamese).
[25] J. H. M.Wösten, P. D. Willigen, N. H. Tri, T. V. Lien, S. V. Smith, Nutrient Dynamics in Mangrove Areas of the Red River Estuary in Vietnam, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 57, No. 1-2, 2003, pp. 65-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00331-1.
[26] C. Mohamed, S. Amina, S. Fouad, P. Michel, Single Binary and Multi-Component Adsorption of Some Anions and Heavy Metals on Environmentally Friendly Carpobrotus Edulis Plant, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 82, No. 2 , 2011, pp. 267-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.013.
[27] A. K. Mehdi, S. G.Susmita, G. B. Krishna, C. Dhruba, Montmorillonite and Modified Montmorillonite as Adsorbents for Removal of Water Soluble Organic Dyes: A Review on Current Status of the Art, Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Vol. 143, No. 109686, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109686.
[28] P. T. M. Phuong, N. T. L. Anh, T. Q. Huy, D. T. Trang, D. T. Hoan, N. M. Phuong, T. T. T. Thu, Research Warns of the Risk of Copper Accumulation in Citrus Fruit Growing Soil, Environmental Magazine, Vol. 10, 2021,
pp. 46-50 (in Vietnamese).
[29] R. Syah, M. Makmur, M. Fahrur, Budidaya Udang Vaname Dengan Padat Penebaran Tinggi, Media Akuakultur, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2017, pp. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.15578/MA.12.1.2017.19-26.
[30] M. Akhmad, P. Mudian, T. Tarunamulia, K. Kamariah, R. Erna, A. Admi, A. Ruzkiah, T. Suwardi, M. Makmur, T. Imam, S. Mohammad, A. Akmal, H. Hamzah, A. Hatim, Water Quality Changes in the Coastal Area of Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Brackish Water Pond Aquaculture, Journal of Water and Land Development, No. 61, 2024, pp. 130-142, https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.150267.
[31] V. N. Son, N. T. Phuong, T. T. Nguyen, Comparison of Technical Characteristics and Environmental Quality between Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp and Black Tiger Shrimp Ponds in Soc Trang Province, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Vol. 2, 2014, pp. 70-78 (in Vietnamese).
[32] Kim Dong Commune People's Committee, Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[33] Kim Hai Commune People's Committee, Report on Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[34] Kim Trung Commune People's Committee, Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[35] H. R. Victor, A. T. Luis, B. Nixon, N. Federico, R. T. Robert, The Potential Use of Mangrove Forests as Nitrogen Sinks of Shrimp Aquaculture Pond Effluents: The Role of Denitrification, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1999,
pp. 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00313.x.
[36] S. Gurmeet, C. Rita, K. Rajesh, M. B. Prasad,
A. Ramnathan, Phosphorus Dynamics in Mangroves of India, Current Science, Vol. 108, No. 10, 2015, pp. 1874-1881.
[37] C. R. L. Matos, J. F. Berrêdo, W. Machado, C. J. Sanders, E. Metzger, M. C. L. Cohen, Carbon and Nutrient Accumulation in Tropical Mangrove Creeks, Amazon Region, Marine Geology, Vol. 429, 2020, pp. 106317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106317.
[2] Department of Fisheries, Report on Brackish Water Shrimp Production Results in 2023, Key Tasks and Solutions in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[3] T. V. Phuong, T. V.Viet, T. Q.Phu, Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Intensive Black Tiger Shrimp Ponds During the Rainy Season in Soc Trang, Can Tho University Journal of Science, No.8, 2007, pp. 132-138, https://ctujsvn.ctu.edu.vn/index.php/ctujsvn/article/view/498 (in Vietnamese).
[4] N. D. Q.Tram, N. T. Dung, L. T. T. An, T. N. Ngoc, N. T. Minh, N. K. H. Son, Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in White-leg Shrimp Ponds Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931) in Thua Thien Hue Province, Hue University Journal of science: Agriculture and Rural development, Vol. 100, No. 1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.26459/jard.v100i1.2983 (in Vietnamese).
[5] N. T. B. Van, Study on Organic Matter Transformation in Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Ponds Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931), PhD Thesis, Nong Lam University, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
[6] C. Wigand, A. J. Oczkowski, B. L. Branoff, M. Eagle, A. Hanson, R. M. Martin, S. Balogh, K. M. Miller, E. Huertas, J. Loffredo, E. B. Watson, Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in The Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States), Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol. 4, 2021, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.765896.
[7] A. I. Robertson, M. J. Phillips, Mangroves As Filters of Shrimp Pond Effluent: Predictions and Biogeochemical Research Needs, Hydrobiologia, Vol. 295, 1995, pp. 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029138.
[8] D. Murdiyarso, J. Purbopuspito, J. B. Kauffman, M. W. Warren, S. D. Sasmito, D. C. Donato, S. Manuri, H. Krisnawati, S. Taberima, S. Kurnianto, The Potential of Indonesian Mangrove Forests for Global Climate Change Mitigation, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, 2015, pp. 1089-1092, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734.
[9] National Institute of Urban and Rural Planning, Explanation of the Master Plan for Construction of The Area From Binh Minh II Dyke to Con Noi, Kim Son District, Ninh Binh Province to 2040, 2023, pp. 16 (in Vietnamese).
[10] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2000, 2000, pp. 24 (in Vietnamese).
[11] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2015, 2015, pp. 26 (in Vietnamese).
[12] Ninh Binh Statistical Office, Kim Son District Statistical Yearbook 2023, 2023, pp. 12 (in Vietnamese).
[13] L.Qiu, E. Wang, R. Li, X. Wu, Y.Huang, G. Lin, B. Li, The Urgent Need to Reduce Phosphorus Discharges for Sustainable Mangrove Wetland Management, Water Research, Vol. 258, 2024, pp. 121821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121821,
[14] S. Balamurugan, L. Muthukrishnan, N. Karthi, C. D. Niruban, A. Yogaanandhi, R. D. Asir, Nutrient Filtering Service of Mangrove Ecosystem of Karnataka, India, 10th International Conference on "Sustainable Waste Management towards Circular Economy At: India, Waste Management and Circular Economy, 2021, pp. 34-42.
[15] L. Zhao, G. Fu, A. Zeng, B. Cheng, Z. Song, Z. Hu, Effects of Different Aeration Strategies and Ammonia-nitrogen Loads on Nitrification Performance and Microbial Community Succession of Mangrove Constructed Wetlands for Saline Wastewater Treatment, Chemosphere, Vol. 339, 2023, pp. 139685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139685.
[16] Y. Wu, A. Chung, N. F. Y. Tam, N. Pi, M. H. Wong, Constructed Mangrove Wetland as Secondary Treatment System for Municipal Wastewater, Ecological Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2008, pp. 137–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.010.
[17] F. Liu, J. Zeng, J. Ding, C. Wang, Z. He, Z. Liu, L. Shu, Microbially-driven Phosphorus Cycling and Its Coupling Mechanisms with Nitrogen Cycling in Mangrove Sediments, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 958, 2024, pp. 178118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178118.
[18] D. M. Alongi, Nitrogen Cycling and Mass Balance in the World’s Mangrove Forests, Nitrogen (Switzerland), Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, pp. 167-189, https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen1020014.
[19] M. F. Adame, B. Fry, Source and Stability of Soil Carbon in Mangrove and Freshwater Wetlands of the Mexican Pacific coast, Wetland Ecology Management, Vol. 24, 2016, pp. 1-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9475-6.
[20] V. V .Luong, L. V. Thang, D. V. Hieu, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Mangrove Soils in Quynh Luu, Dien Chau and Nghi Loc Districts, Nghe An Province, Hue University Journal of Science: Agriculture and Rural Development, Vol. 131, No. 3A, 2022, pp. 5-15, https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijard.v131i3A.6257 (in Vietnamese).
[21] H. Wissem, S. Mongi, Ammonium Sorption by Soils Profile of Semi-arid Areas, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2015, pp. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-0951133141.
[22] T. T. T.Thu, H. T. M. Ly, Study on the Ability to Absorb and Provide Easily Digestible Phosphorus for Orange Trees in Cao Phong District, Hoa Binh Province, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1S, 2016, pp 363-369 (in Vietnamese).
[23] P. T. P. Thuy, D. T. B. Huyen, N. M. Hoa, Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity on Vegetable Growing Soil Mainly in The Mekong Delta, Can Tho University Journal of Science, No. 22a, 2012, pp. 222-232 (in Vietnamese).
[24] N. T. D. Trang, T. D. Duy, T. P. Toan, N. H. Thanh, N. T. San, T. S .Nam, Assessment of Water Quality and Discharge from Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Farming Ponds in Soc Trang Province, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Vol. 58, No. 1B, 2022, pp. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2022.024 (in Vietnamese).
[25] J. H. M.Wösten, P. D. Willigen, N. H. Tri, T. V. Lien, S. V. Smith, Nutrient Dynamics in Mangrove Areas of the Red River Estuary in Vietnam, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 57, No. 1-2, 2003, pp. 65-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00331-1.
[26] C. Mohamed, S. Amina, S. Fouad, P. Michel, Single Binary and Multi-Component Adsorption of Some Anions and Heavy Metals on Environmentally Friendly Carpobrotus Edulis Plant, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 82, No. 2 , 2011, pp. 267-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.013.
[27] A. K. Mehdi, S. G.Susmita, G. B. Krishna, C. Dhruba, Montmorillonite and Modified Montmorillonite as Adsorbents for Removal of Water Soluble Organic Dyes: A Review on Current Status of the Art, Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Vol. 143, No. 109686, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109686.
[28] P. T. M. Phuong, N. T. L. Anh, T. Q. Huy, D. T. Trang, D. T. Hoan, N. M. Phuong, T. T. T. Thu, Research Warns of the Risk of Copper Accumulation in Citrus Fruit Growing Soil, Environmental Magazine, Vol. 10, 2021,
pp. 46-50 (in Vietnamese).
[29] R. Syah, M. Makmur, M. Fahrur, Budidaya Udang Vaname Dengan Padat Penebaran Tinggi, Media Akuakultur, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2017, pp. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.15578/MA.12.1.2017.19-26.
[30] M. Akhmad, P. Mudian, T. Tarunamulia, K. Kamariah, R. Erna, A. Admi, A. Ruzkiah, T. Suwardi, M. Makmur, T. Imam, S. Mohammad, A. Akmal, H. Hamzah, A. Hatim, Water Quality Changes in the Coastal Area of Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Brackish Water Pond Aquaculture, Journal of Water and Land Development, No. 61, 2024, pp. 130-142, https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.150267.
[31] V. N. Son, N. T. Phuong, T. T. Nguyen, Comparison of Technical Characteristics and Environmental Quality between Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp and Black Tiger Shrimp Ponds in Soc Trang Province, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Vol. 2, 2014, pp. 70-78 (in Vietnamese).
[32] Kim Dong Commune People's Committee, Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[33] Kim Hai Commune People's Committee, Report on Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[34] Kim Trung Commune People's Committee, Results of Implementing Socio-economic Development Tasks in 2023, Directions, Tasks and Main Solutions for Implementation in 2024, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
[35] H. R. Victor, A. T. Luis, B. Nixon, N. Federico, R. T. Robert, The Potential Use of Mangrove Forests as Nitrogen Sinks of Shrimp Aquaculture Pond Effluents: The Role of Denitrification, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1999,
pp. 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00313.x.
[36] S. Gurmeet, C. Rita, K. Rajesh, M. B. Prasad,
A. Ramnathan, Phosphorus Dynamics in Mangroves of India, Current Science, Vol. 108, No. 10, 2015, pp. 1874-1881.
[37] C. R. L. Matos, J. F. Berrêdo, W. Machado, C. J. Sanders, E. Metzger, M. C. L. Cohen, Carbon and Nutrient Accumulation in Tropical Mangrove Creeks, Amazon Region, Marine Geology, Vol. 429, 2020, pp. 106317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106317.