Analysis of Geomorphic Factors Related to Seismic Activity in Lai Chau Hydropower Reservoir in the Period 2015 - 2024
Main Article Content
Abstract
Following the reservoir impoundment, the seismic activity in the Lai Chau reservoir area and its vicinity has increased significantly. The changes in frequency of local earthquakes depends on: i) The type of rocks below the reservoir; ii) The slip tendency of faults in the reservoir area; iii) The Coulomb stress change on faults in the reservoir area; and iv) The history of the reservoir filling and spillage. The results show that the granite massif of the Phu Si Lung complex is located below the upstream area of the reservoir at a depth of about 3,000-4,000 m; when water percolates down through this type of rocks, it will cause some fractures in the rock to become saturated with water, making stress in the rock reach the failure threshold. Under the impact of the modern regional tectonic stress field, the faults connected to the reservoir (F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4) tend to slip at moderate to high rates, and the Coulomb stress change is also clearly shown on these faults. These factors, together with the annual fluctuations in the reservoir water level between the rainy and dry seasons, have mutual influences, triggering the earthquakes to occur in the Lai Chau reservoir area and its vicinity in the period 6/2015 - 6/2024.
Keywords:
Earthquake, tectonic, fault, reservoir, stress field.
References
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[21] P. T. Truyen, Assessment of the Causes of the Earthquake in Muong Te on June 16, 2020, and Proposal of Risk Mitigation Measures.
Synthesis report of the Special and Potential Research Project; Code: 01/2021/DX, Funded by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED), Ministry of Science and Technology, Archived at the Institute of Geophysics, Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 2023, pp. 252 (in Vietnamese).
[22] S. Toda, J. Lin, M. Meghraoui, R. S. Stein, 12 May 2008 M = 7.9 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake Calculated to Incr Ease Failure Stress and Seismicity Rate on Three Major Fault Systems, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, 2008, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034903.
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[26] A. Morris, D. Ferril, D. Henderson D., Slip-Tendency Analysis and Fault Reactivation, Geology, Vol. 24, 1996, pp. 275-278.
[27] M. Neves, L. Paiva, J. Luis, Software for Slip-Tendency Analysis in 3D: A Plug-In for Coulomb. Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 35, 2009, pp. 2345-2352.
[28] W. S. Fyfe, N. J. Price, A. B. Thompson, Fluids in Earth’s Crust: Their Significance in Metamorphic, Tectonic and Chemical Transport Processes, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1978,
pp. 383.
[29] F. Cornet, J. Yin, 1995. Analysis of Induced Seismicity for Stress Field Determination and Pore Pressure Mapping, Pure Appl. Geophys, Vol. 145, No. 3, 1995, pp. 677-700.
[30] T. D. Tuyet, Vietnam Seismic and Mineral Map, at a Scale of 1:200,000, Phong Sa Ly - Dien Bien Phu Sheet, Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam. Hanoi, 2005 (in Vietnamese).
[31] L. Hung, Geological and Mineral Map, Muong Te Sheets, at Scale 1/50,000, Archived at The Department of Geology, Hanoi, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[32] D. D. Thinh, L. Hung, V. X. Dinh, C. V. Lam, D. T. Y. Ngoc, N. Phuong, D. D. Nguyen, N. T. Toan, New Data on Geology and Minerals in Muong Te Area, Lai Chau - Dien Bien, Journal of Geology, Vol. 289, 2005, pp. 22-28 (in Vietnamese).
[33] S. Toda, R. S. Stein, V. Sevilgen, J. Lin, Coulomb 3.3 Graphic-rich Deformation and Stress-Change Software-User Guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1060, 2011, pp. 63, Available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1060/ (accessed on: October 1st, 2024).
[34] B. Andeweg, G. Vicente, S. Cloetingh, J. Giner, A. M. Martin, Local Stress Field and Intraplate Deformation of Iberia: Variations in Spatial and Temporal Interplay of Regional Stress Sources, Tectonophysics, Vol. 305, 1999, pp. 153-164.
[35] H. Moghimi, M. Arian, A. Sorbi, Fault Movement Potential of Marzanabad Area, North Alborz, Iran, Open Journal of Geology, Vol. 5, 2015, pp. 126-135, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.53012.
[36] P. T. Trinh, An Inverse Problem for the Determination of the Stress Tensor from Polyphased Fault Sets and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, Tectonophysics, Vol. 224, 1993,
pp. 393-411.
[37] A. Sorbi, M. Arian, M. Pourkermani, The Movement Potential Evaluation of the Major Quaternary Faults in Tehran Quadrangle, Journal of Sciences - Islamic Azad University (JSIAU), Vol 19, No. 73, 2009, pp. 176-182.
[38] Y. G. Wan, S. Z. Sheng, J. C. Huang, X. Li, X. Chen, The Grid Search Algorithm of Tectonic Stress Tensor Based on Focal Mechanism Data and Its Application in the Boundary Zone of China, Vietnam and Laos, Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 27. No. 5, 2016, pp. 777-785, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0649-1.
N. T. Yem, Tectonic Stress Field Regimes in Cenozoic in Vietnam Territory, Journal of Geology, Series A, Vol. 236, 1996, pp. 1-6 (in Vietnamese).
[39] R. H. Findlay, P. T. Trinh, The Structural Setting of Song Ma Region, Vietnam and the Indochina-South China Plate Boundary Problem, Gondwana Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1997, pp.11-33.
[40] N. V. Hung, Basic Characteristics of the Northwest Neotectonic Faults, PhD Thesis in Geology, Institute of Geology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 2002 (in Vietnamese).
[41] E. A. Roeloffs, Fault Stability Changes Induced Beneath A Reservoir With Cyclic Changes in Water Level, Journal Geophys. Res., Vol. 93, 1988, pp. 2107-2124, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB03p02107.
[42] http://ds.iris.edu/ds/products/momenttensor/#citation/, 2024 (accessed on: October 1st, 2024).