Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem Services in Xuan Thuy National Park
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: Wetlands are globally recognized as important ecosystems, maintaining biodiversity and providing economic value. In Vietnam, Xuan Thuy National Park, the first Ramsar wetland site in Southeast Asia and a typical coastal estuarine ecosystem in the northern region, is facing economic development pressures, leading to ecological imbalance and impacting its service provision capacity. This study assesses ecosystem service values to identify the economic contributions of wetland resources. By combining multiple methods such as economic valuation, interviews, remote sensing, and Geographic Information System (GIS), the values of eleven types of ecosystem services of the wetland area in Xuan Thuy National Park are assessed and calculated, including use value and non-used value (conservation). The research results show that the total economic value of the provided services is 2,072.0 billion VND/year, equivalent to 138.1 million VND/ha/year. Indirect use values account for 50%, prominently featuring carbon sequestration value (the highest among the total economic value). Although the conservation and transmission value had insignificant economic value, 100% of the votes showed the awareness, attitude, and feelings of local people about the functions of ecosystem services in wetlands. The study provides a scientific basis for policymakers and authorities in planning and promoting sustainable socio-economic development, contributing to the protection and long-term balance of ecosystem services in wetland areas in the future.
Keywords:
Wetlands, ecosystem services, conservation, Xuan Thuy National Park
References
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[26] P. V. Truong, N. V. Chieu, P. T. Thuy, T. T. K. Hong, N. N. Quang, Current Status, Opportunities and Challenges for Ensuring Financial Resources for the Protection and Development of Mangrove and Coastal Forests - Case Study of Nam Dinh Province, Technical Report 7. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR-ICRAF, 2022, pp. 1-43.
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[28] T. D. Lan, N. T. M. Huyen, L. Q. Dung, N. T. Thu, Selecting Proposition of Methods to Study Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in Vietnam, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 13, 2013, pp. 317-323.
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[30] Decision No. 427/QD-UBND Dated February 28, 2022 of the People's Committee of Nam Dinh Province Approving the Current Forest Status Data of Nam Dinh Province in 2021, 2022.
[2] K. Turner, Economics and Wetland Management, Environmental Economics, Vol. 20, No. 2, 1991, pp. 59-63.
[3] N. C. Davidson, A. A. V. Dam, C. M. Finlayson, R. J. McInnes, Worth of Wetlands: Revised Global Monetary Values of Coastal and Inland Wetland Ecosystem Services, Mar. Freshw. Res., Vol. 70, No. 8, 2019, pp. 1189-1194, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18391.
[4] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington, DC., 2005, pp. 1-155.
[5] J. Zhou, J. Wu, Y. Gong, Valuing Wetland Ecosystem Services Based on Benefit Transfer: A Meta-analysis of China Wetland Studies, J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 276, No. 122988, 2020, pp 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122988.
[6] P. Bridgewater and R. E. Kim, 50 Years on, w(h)ither the Ramsar Convention? A Case of Institutional Drift, Biodivers. Conserv., Vol. 30, No. 13, 2021, pp. 3919-3937, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02281-w.
[7] Ramsar Convention on Wetland, Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World’s Wetlands and their Services to People, Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2018, pp. 1-89.
[8] Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Training Materials on Wetland Management and Conservation. Ha Noi: Vietnam Publishing House of Natural Resources Environment and Cartography, 2020.
[9] N. T. H. Thanh, Applying Dpsir Framework in Assessing Coastal Wetland Ecosystem’s Environment of Con Dao National Park, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2023, pp. 870-883, https://doi.org/10.54607/hcmue.js.20.5.3689(2023).
[10] N. T. H. Thanh, D. T. Thuy, D. K. Bac, N. H. Duy, V. T. Phuong, Tourism Development in Association with Wetland Conservation: Current Status and Solutions for Sea and Islands in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2022, pp. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.54607/hcmue.js.19.1.3347(2022).
[11] G. V. Trong et al., Flood Vulnerability Assessment in the Coastal Area of Ha Tinh Province, Journal Humam Geography Review, Vol. 4, No. 35, 2021, pp. 12-21.
[12] U. Pascual, R. Muradian, L. Brander, E. G. Baggethun, B. M. López, M. Verma et al., The Economics of Valuing Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity, in: the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations, Routledge, 2012, pp. 183-256, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849775489.
[13] Costanza, Robert & Farber, Stephen C. & Maxwell, Judith, Valuation and management of wetland ecosystems, Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(4), 1989, pp 335-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(89)90014-1
[14] Barbier, E. B., Acreman, M. C. and Knowler, D., Economic valuation of wetlands: A guide for policy makers and planners. Ramsar Con-vention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland, 1997, pp 1-144.
[15] Bergstrom, J.C and Taylor, L.O, Using meta-analysis for benefits transfer: theory and practice, Ecological Economics, vol. 60, no. 2, 2005, pp. 351-60
[16] Grilli G, Ferrini S, Luisetti T, Kerry Turner R, The role of choice experiments in natural capital accounting approaches: fast track versus simulated exchange value in the Deben Estuary saltmarshes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 65 (7), 2021, pp 1281-1300, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1957794
[17] Trice, A. H., & Wood, S. E., Measurement of Recreation Benefits. Land Economics, 34(3), 1958, pp 195-207, https://doi.org/10.2307/3144390
[18] Smith, V. K., & Kopp, R. J., The Spatial Limits of the Travel Cost Recreational Demand Model. Land Economics, 56(1), 1980, pp 64-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/3145830
[19] Ward F, Beal D, Valuing Nature with Travel Cost Models, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2000, https://doi.org/10.4337/9781840647778
[20] N. V. Thanh, M. Simioni, V. T. Hung, Valuing Mangrove Conservation Attributes in Red River Delta, Vietnam: A Choice Experiment Approach, Marine Resource Economics, Vol. 37, No. 3, 2022, pp. 1-31, https://doi.org/10.1086/720468ï.
[21] N. V. Thanh, N. T. V. Ha, N. T. Thien, L. T. Yen, Indirect Use Value of Mangroves in Xuan Thuy National Park, Journal of Science on Natural Resources and Environment, No. 22, 2018, pp. 19-26.
[22] T. T. M. Sen, H. T. Lan, T. K. Tu, Research on Carbon Accumulation Potential in Avicennia Marina at the Seedling Stage in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam Journal of Forest Science, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2024,
pp. 060-066, https://doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.13.6.2024.060-066.
[23] Xuan Thuy National Park and Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, The Environmental Impact Assessment of Shrimp Farming Development in the Core Zone of Xuan Thuy National Park (Nam Dinh, Vietnam), 2008, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2851.0245.
[24] N. Thi et al., Economic Analysis of Different Aquaculture Systems in Coastal Buffer Zones of Protected Areas: A Case Study in Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam, Eco. Env. & Cons.,
Vol. 26, No. 2, 2020, pp. 44-52, 2020.
[25] N. V. Thanh, N. T. V. Ha, N. T. Lien, N. T. Thien, Valuing Biodiversity of the Xuan Thuy National Park in the Context of Climate Change, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 6, No. 04, 2018, pp 30-41.
[26] P. V. Truong, N. V. Chieu, P. T. Thuy, T. T. K. Hong, N. N. Quang, Current Status, Opportunities and Challenges for Ensuring Financial Resources for the Protection and Development of Mangrove and Coastal Forests - Case Study of Nam Dinh Province, Technical Report 7. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR-ICRAF, 2022, pp. 1-43.
[27] P. T. T. Thuy, D. K. Chung, Livelihoods of Households in the Bufferzone of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 22, No. 7, 2024, pp. 949-958.
[28] T. D. Lan, N. T. M. Huyen, L. Q. Dung, N. T. Thu, Selecting Proposition of Methods to Study Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in Vietnam, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 13, 2013, pp. 317-323.
[29] R. Costanza et al., Changes in the Global Value of Ecosystem Services, Global Environmental Change, Vol. 26, No. 1, 20147, pp. 152-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002.
[30] Decision No. 427/QD-UBND Dated February 28, 2022 of the People's Committee of Nam Dinh Province Approving the Current Forest Status Data of Nam Dinh Province in 2021, 2022.