Analyze Rainfall Distribution During Tropical Cyclones in Vietnam Using TRMM 3B42 Satellite Data
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, the information of 63 tropical cyclones (TCs) landfalling in Vietnam during 2000 and 2019 is collected to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of TC-induced rainfall in relation to ENSO phases and landfall directions. The results indicate that ENSO exhibits distinct influences at different stages of the TC lifecycle: the La Niña phase is associated with increased rainfall over a broad area before landfall, whereas the El Niño phase is linked to the peak rainfall intensity occurring at the time of landfall, followed by a rapid decline. Asymmetric TC-induced rainfall structures are more evident during El Niño phase, while in La Niña phase, they typically exhibit more spatially uniform and widespread rainfall distribution. Landfall direction also indicates significant differences in TC-induced rainfall characteristics. TCs landfalling from the southwest tends to produce more intense and localizes peak rainfall near the TC center, which rapidly weakens after landfall. In contrast, TCs landfalling from the west and northwest generate broader rainfall areas with longer post-landfall persistence. Overall, landfall direction makes a greater influence on the structural variation of TC-induced rainfall than the ENSO phases.
Keywords:
TC-induced rainfall; Tropical cyclones landfalling in Vietnam; TRMM 3B42; ENSO..
References
[1] W. M. Frank, The Structure and Energetics of the Tropical Cyclone. Part I: Storm Structure, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 105, 1977, pp. 1119-1135,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<1119:TSAEOT>2.0.CO;2.
[2] R. W. Burpee, M. L. Back, Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Near the Centers of Two Tropical Cyclones, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 117, 1989, pp. 2204-2218,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2204:TASVOR>2.0.CO;2.
[3] H. Wexler, Structure of Hurricanes as Determined by Radar, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 48, 1947,
pp. 821-844.
[4] C. L. Jordan, D. A. Hurt, C. A. Lowrey, On the Structure of Hurricane Daisy on 27th August 1958, J. Meteor., Vol. 17, 1960, pp. 337-348.
[5] E. Rodgers, R. Adler, Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as Determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 109, 1981, pp. 506-521,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<0506:TCRCAD>2.0.CO;2.
[6] M. Lonfat, F. D. Marks Jr., S. S. Chen, Precipitation Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager: A Global Perspective, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 132, 2004,
pp. 1645-1660,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1645:PDITCU>2.0.CO;2.
[7] S. S. Chen, J. A. Knaff, F. D. Marks Jr., Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 134, 2006,
pp. 3190-3208,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3245.1.
[8] Y. Wang, C. C. Wu, Current Understanding of Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity Changes: A Review, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., Vol. 87, 2004, pp. 257-278,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-003-0055-6.
[9] Z. Yu, Y. Wang, H. Xu, Observed Rainfall Asymmetry in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., Vol. 54, 2015, pp. 117-136, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0359.1.
[10] R. E. Tuleya, M. DeMaria, J. R. Kuligowski, Evaluation of GFDL and Simple Statistical Model Rainfall Forecasts for U.S. Landfalling Tropical Storms, Wea. Forecast., Vol. 22, 2007, pp. 56-70, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF972.1.
[11] M. Lonfat, R. Rogers, T. Marchok, F. D. Marks Jr., A Parametric Model for Predicting Hurricane Rainfall, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 135, 2007,
pp. 3086-3097, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3433.1.
[12] L. T. Tuan, J. Matsumoto, T. N. Duc, M. I. Nodzu, T. Inoue, Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Products over Central Vietnam, Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., Vol. 6, 2019, 54, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0297-7.
[13] P. T. Ha, V. T. Hang, P. T. T. Nga, D. T. The,
T. D. Thuc, N. T. P. Hao, Assessing Tropical Cyclone-Induced Rainfall Distributions Derived from the TRMM and GSMaP Satellite Datasets over Vietnam’s Mainland, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., Vol. 46, 2024, pp. 449-467, https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/21040.
[14] T. M. Hieu, V. T. Hang, P. T. T. Nga, P. T. Ha, Characteristics of Rainfall Distribution Induced by Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over Vietnam Using GSMaP Satellite Rainfall Data, J. Meteorol. Hydrol., Vol. 748, 2023, pp. 64-76,
https://doi.org/10.36335/VNJHM.2023(748).64-76 (in Vietnamese).
[15] N. D. Quang, J. Renwick, J. McGregor, Variations of Surface Temperature and Rainfall in Vietnam from 1971 to 2010, Int. J. Climatol., Vol. 34, 2014, pp. 249-264, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3684.
[16] N. V. Thang, M. V. Khiem, N. D. Mau, T. D. Tri, Determining Drought Criteria for the South Central Region, Vietnam J. Hydrometeorol., Vol. 639, 2014, pp. 49-55 (in Vietnamese).
[17] V. V. Thang, N. T. Hieu, N. V. Thang, N. V. Hiep, P. T. T. Huong, N. T. Lan, Effects of ENSO on Autumn Rainfall in Central Vietnam, Adv. Meteorol., Vol. 2015, 2015, pp. 1-12,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/264373.
[18] C. F. Ropelewski, M. S. Halpert, Global and Regional Scale Precipitation Patterns Associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 115, 1987, pp. 1606-1626,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606:GARSPP>2.0.CO;2.
[19] C. F. Ropelewski, M. S. Halpert, Quantifying Southern Oscillation Precipitation Relationships,
J. Climate, Vol. 9, 1996, pp. 1043-1059,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1043:QSOPR>2.0.CO;2.
[20] E. B. Rodgers, R. F. Adler, H. F. Pierce, Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to the North Pacific Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., Vol. 39, 2000, pp. 1658-1678.
[21] H. A. N. Thi, J. Matsumoto, T. N. Duc, N. Endo, Long-Term Trends in Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Over Vietnam, J. Agrofor. Environ., Vol. 6, 2012, pp. 89-92.
[22] H. P. Thanh, T. N. Duc, J. Matsumoto, T. P. Van, H. V. Van, Rainfall Trends in Vietnam and Their Associations with Tropical Cyclones During 1979–2019, SOLA, Vol. 16, 2020, pp. 169-174,
https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2020-029.
[23] J. P. Boyd, Chebyshev and Fourier Spectral Methods, 2nd ed., Dover, New York, 2001, 44 pp.
[24] L. J. Shapiro, The Asymmetric Boundary Layer Flow Under a Translating Hurricane, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 40, 1983, pp. 1984-1998,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1984:TABLFU>2.0.CO;2.
[25] F. Zhang, D. Tao, Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Predictability of Tropical Cyclones, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 70, 2013, pp. 975-983,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0133.1.
[26] R. F. Rogers, P. Reasor, S. Lorsolo, Airborne Doppler Observations of the Inner-Core Structural Differences Between Intensifying and Steady-State Tropical Cyclones, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 141, 2013, pp. 2970-2991,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00357.1.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<1119:TSAEOT>2.0.CO;2.
[2] R. W. Burpee, M. L. Back, Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Near the Centers of Two Tropical Cyclones, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 117, 1989, pp. 2204-2218,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2204:TASVOR>2.0.CO;2.
[3] H. Wexler, Structure of Hurricanes as Determined by Radar, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 48, 1947,
pp. 821-844.
[4] C. L. Jordan, D. A. Hurt, C. A. Lowrey, On the Structure of Hurricane Daisy on 27th August 1958, J. Meteor., Vol. 17, 1960, pp. 337-348.
[5] E. Rodgers, R. Adler, Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as Determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 109, 1981, pp. 506-521,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<0506:TCRCAD>2.0.CO;2.
[6] M. Lonfat, F. D. Marks Jr., S. S. Chen, Precipitation Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager: A Global Perspective, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 132, 2004,
pp. 1645-1660,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1645:PDITCU>2.0.CO;2.
[7] S. S. Chen, J. A. Knaff, F. D. Marks Jr., Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 134, 2006,
pp. 3190-3208,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3245.1.
[8] Y. Wang, C. C. Wu, Current Understanding of Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity Changes: A Review, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., Vol. 87, 2004, pp. 257-278,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-003-0055-6.
[9] Z. Yu, Y. Wang, H. Xu, Observed Rainfall Asymmetry in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., Vol. 54, 2015, pp. 117-136, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0359.1.
[10] R. E. Tuleya, M. DeMaria, J. R. Kuligowski, Evaluation of GFDL and Simple Statistical Model Rainfall Forecasts for U.S. Landfalling Tropical Storms, Wea. Forecast., Vol. 22, 2007, pp. 56-70, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF972.1.
[11] M. Lonfat, R. Rogers, T. Marchok, F. D. Marks Jr., A Parametric Model for Predicting Hurricane Rainfall, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 135, 2007,
pp. 3086-3097, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3433.1.
[12] L. T. Tuan, J. Matsumoto, T. N. Duc, M. I. Nodzu, T. Inoue, Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Products over Central Vietnam, Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., Vol. 6, 2019, 54, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0297-7.
[13] P. T. Ha, V. T. Hang, P. T. T. Nga, D. T. The,
T. D. Thuc, N. T. P. Hao, Assessing Tropical Cyclone-Induced Rainfall Distributions Derived from the TRMM and GSMaP Satellite Datasets over Vietnam’s Mainland, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., Vol. 46, 2024, pp. 449-467, https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/21040.
[14] T. M. Hieu, V. T. Hang, P. T. T. Nga, P. T. Ha, Characteristics of Rainfall Distribution Induced by Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over Vietnam Using GSMaP Satellite Rainfall Data, J. Meteorol. Hydrol., Vol. 748, 2023, pp. 64-76,
https://doi.org/10.36335/VNJHM.2023(748).64-76 (in Vietnamese).
[15] N. D. Quang, J. Renwick, J. McGregor, Variations of Surface Temperature and Rainfall in Vietnam from 1971 to 2010, Int. J. Climatol., Vol. 34, 2014, pp. 249-264, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3684.
[16] N. V. Thang, M. V. Khiem, N. D. Mau, T. D. Tri, Determining Drought Criteria for the South Central Region, Vietnam J. Hydrometeorol., Vol. 639, 2014, pp. 49-55 (in Vietnamese).
[17] V. V. Thang, N. T. Hieu, N. V. Thang, N. V. Hiep, P. T. T. Huong, N. T. Lan, Effects of ENSO on Autumn Rainfall in Central Vietnam, Adv. Meteorol., Vol. 2015, 2015, pp. 1-12,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/264373.
[18] C. F. Ropelewski, M. S. Halpert, Global and Regional Scale Precipitation Patterns Associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 115, 1987, pp. 1606-1626,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606:GARSPP>2.0.CO;2.
[19] C. F. Ropelewski, M. S. Halpert, Quantifying Southern Oscillation Precipitation Relationships,
J. Climate, Vol. 9, 1996, pp. 1043-1059,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1043:QSOPR>2.0.CO;2.
[20] E. B. Rodgers, R. F. Adler, H. F. Pierce, Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to the North Pacific Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., Vol. 39, 2000, pp. 1658-1678.
[21] H. A. N. Thi, J. Matsumoto, T. N. Duc, N. Endo, Long-Term Trends in Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Over Vietnam, J. Agrofor. Environ., Vol. 6, 2012, pp. 89-92.
[22] H. P. Thanh, T. N. Duc, J. Matsumoto, T. P. Van, H. V. Van, Rainfall Trends in Vietnam and Their Associations with Tropical Cyclones During 1979–2019, SOLA, Vol. 16, 2020, pp. 169-174,
https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2020-029.
[23] J. P. Boyd, Chebyshev and Fourier Spectral Methods, 2nd ed., Dover, New York, 2001, 44 pp.
[24] L. J. Shapiro, The Asymmetric Boundary Layer Flow Under a Translating Hurricane, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 40, 1983, pp. 1984-1998,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1984:TABLFU>2.0.CO;2.
[25] F. Zhang, D. Tao, Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Predictability of Tropical Cyclones, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 70, 2013, pp. 975-983,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0133.1.
[26] R. F. Rogers, P. Reasor, S. Lorsolo, Airborne Doppler Observations of the Inner-Core Structural Differences Between Intensifying and Steady-State Tropical Cyclones, Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 141, 2013, pp. 2970-2991,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00357.1.