Assessment of Heavy Metal (As, Pb, Cd, Zn) Concentrations in the Hard Clam (Meretrix lyrata) from Selected Coastal Areas of Quang Ninh and Hai Phong, Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study focuses on assessing the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Zn) in hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) collected from five coastal areas of Quang Ninh (Mong Cai, Ha Long) and Hai Phong (Do Son, Kien Hai, Hung Thang). The results showed that concentrations of As (2.6 - 3.31 µg/L), Pb (2.3 - 5.4 µg/L), and Cd (0.59 - 1.07 µg/L) in water samples were below the limits set by QCVN 10:2023/BTNMT, whereas Zn (216.15 - 878.7 µg/L) exceeded the threshold value of 100 µg/L. In clam tissues, As (0.19 - 0.25 mg/kg wet weight), Pb (0.114 - 0.178 mg/kg wet weight), Cd (0.98 - 1.34 mg/kg wet weight), and Zn (17.37 -21.75 mg/kg wet weight) were within the safety limits regulated by Decision No. 46/2007/QD-BYT, QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT, and WHO guidelines. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) indicated that Cd had a bioaccumulation potential ranging from 915.89 to 1819.67 L/kg wet weight, whereas As, Pb, and Zn were below the threshold of 1,000 L/kg wet weight, showing no bioaccumulation. These findings suggest that hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) from the studied areas are safe for consumption; however, continuous monitoring of Cd levels in clam tissues and Zn pollution in water is recommended.
Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Clams, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong.
References
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U. Atique, P. Pramanick, A. Mitra, Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of Heavy Metals in Green Seaweed to Assess The Phytoremediation Potential, Journal of King Saud University-Science, Vol. 34, 2022, pp. 102078, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102078.
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X. Huang, Distribution and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Marine Organisms in East and West Guangdong Coastal Regions, South China, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 101, No. 2, 2015, pp. 930-937,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.041.
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pp. 257-297, https://doi.org/10.1139/a06-005.
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pp. e0219336, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.
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[15] O. Munoz, V. Devesa, M. A. Suner, D. Velez, R. Montoro, I. Urieta, M. L. Macho, M. Jalon, Total and Inorganic Arsenic in Fresh and Processed Fish Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 48, 2000, pp. 4369-4376.
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[20] D. T. Thom, V. A. Thu, D. T. Manh, P. M. Tuan, N. V. Quan, N. Q. Trung, B. Q. Minh, N. N. Syrbu, D. V. Manh, Heavy Metals in Cultured Oysters (Saccostrea Glomerata) And Clams (Meretrix Lyrata) from the Northern Coastal Area of Vietnam, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 184, 2022, pp. 114140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114140.
[21] L. Q. Dung, Concentration of Trace Metals in Rocky Oyster (Saccostrea Glomerata) and Hard Clam (Meretrix Lyrata) in Haiphong Coast, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2013, pp. 268-275 (in Vietnamese).
[22] N. P. C. Tu, N. N. Ha, T. Agusa, T. Ikemoto, B. C. Tuyen, S. Tanabe, I. Takeuchi, Concentrations of Trace Elements in Meretrix spp. (Mollusca: Bivalva) Along the Coasts of Vietnam, Fish Sci, Vol. 76, 2010, pp. 677-686, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-010-0251.