Adsorption of N and P in Piggery Wastewater by CaCl2 Impregnated Activated Carbons Produced from Coconut Pitch
Main Article Content
Abstract
Sample Piggery wastewater contains high content of N and P, which are the primary cause of surface water eutrophication. Removal of N and P is less superior than recovery of them as important nutrients for crops. This study assessed activated carbons (ACs) produced from coconut pitch in adsorption of N and P from piggery wastewater toward utilization as fertilizer. The ACs were produced by impregnation method using CaCl2 1M (pre-impregnated, and post impregnated products were compared with not-impregnated product). The saturated adsorption time was strongly dependent on target ions (PO43-, NO3-, and NH4+) and type of modification methods. This time was shortest for NO3- and longest for NH4+. Optimal pH for adsorption were 9, 4 and 6-7 for PO43-, NO3-, and NH4+, respectively and was slightly affected by modification method. Corresponding maximum adsorption capacity was higher for NH4+ than for PO43- and NO3-; However no improvement effect was observed for modified ACs by CaCl2 impregnation. Application of CaCl2 impregnation method in AC production for N and P recovery from piggery wastewater needs further investigation.
Keywords:
pigery wastewater, N and P adsorption, activated carbon, coconut pitch.
References
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[7] I. M. Nasir, T. I. M. Ghazi, R. Omar, Anaerobic Digestion Technology in Livestock Manure Treatment for Biogas Production: A Review, Engineering in Life Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2012, pp. 258-269.
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[12] H. Asai, B. K. Samson, H. M. Stephan, K. Songyikhangsuthor, K. Homma, Y. Kiyono, Y. Inoue, T. Shiraiwa, T. Horie, Biochar Amendment Techniques for Upland Rice Production in Northern Laos: 1. Soil physical properties, Leaf SPAD and Grain Yield, Field Crops Research,
Vol. 111, No. 1-2, 2009, pp. 81-84.
[13] H. Schulz, B. Glaser, Effects of Biochar Compared to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Quality and Plant Growth in a Greenhouse Experiment, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,
Vol. 175, No. 3, 2012, pp. 410-422.
[14] B. Glaser, K. Wiedner, S. Seelig, H. P. Schmidt,
H. Gerber, Biochar Organic Fertilizers from Natural Resources as Substitute for Mineral Fertilizers, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2015, pp. 667-678.
[15] R. Yokoyama, S. Hayashi, M. Nakanishi, J. Takada, Nitrate Nitrogen Adsorption of the Functional Charcoal Prepared from Plant Waste, International Symposium on EcoTopia ScienceInternational Symposium on EcoTopia Science, 2007, pp. 161-165.
[16] L. Shao-bo, T. Xiao-fei, L. Yun-guo, G. Yan-ling, Z. Guang-ming, H. Xin-jiang, W. Hui, Z. Lu, J. Lu-hua, Z. Bin-bin, Production of Biochars from Ca Impregnated Ramie Biomass (Boehmeria Nivea (L.) Gaud.) and their Phosphate Removal Potential, RSC Adv., Vol. 2, 2016, pp. 5871, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22142k.
[17] T. A. H. Nguyen, H. H. Ngo, W. S. Guo, J. Zhang, S. Liang, D. J. Lee, P. D. Nguyen, X. T. Bui, Modification of Agricultural Waste/by-Products for Enhanced Phosphate Removal and Recovery: Potential and Obstacles, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 169, 2014, pp. 750-762.
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[19] Q. Yin, B. Zhang, R. Wang, Z. Zhao, Biochar as an Adsorbent for Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Water: A Review, Environ Sci Pollut Res, Vol. 24, 2017, pp. 26297-26309, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0338-y.
[20] Y. C. Chen, C. Lu, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Regeneration of Molybdenum Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions with NaOCl-oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, J. Ind. Eng. Chem, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2014, pp. 2521-2517.
[21] X. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. F. Li, R. Feng, Y. Z. Zhang, Characterization of Corncob-derived Biochar and Pyrolysis Kinetics in Comparison with Corn Stalk and Sawdust, Bioresour Technol, Vol. 170, 2014, pp. 76-82.
[22] R. K. Xu, S. C. Xiao, J. H. Yuan, A. Z. Zhao, Adsorption of Methyl Violet from Aqueous Solutions by the Biochars Derived from Crop Residues, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102,
No. 22, 2011, pp. 10293-10298.
[23] P. Kumar, S. Sudha, S. Chand, V. C. Srivastava, Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using CoirPith Activated Carbon, Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 45, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1463-1470, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2010.485604.
[24] A. Silber, I. Levkovitch, E. R. Graber, pH-Dependent Mineral Release and Surface Properties of Cornstraw Biochar: Agronomic Implica-tions, Environ Sci Technol, Vol. 44, 2010,
pp. 9318-9323.
[25] A. Mukherjee, A. R. Zimmerman, W. Harris, Surface Chemistry Variations Among a Series of Laboratory-Produced Biochars, Geoderma,
Vol. 163, 2011, pp. 247-255.
[26] K. Simon, W. Shubiao, K. W. Kipkemoi, L. Ming, L. Qimin, B. Hamidou, D. Renjie, Evaluation of Slow Pyrolyzed Wood and Rice Husks Biochar for Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen from Piggery Manure Anaerobic Digestate Slurry, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 505, 2015, pp. 102-112.
[27] C. H. Cheng, J. Lehmann, Ageing of Black Carbon Along a A Tempera-ture Gradient, Chemosphere, Vol. 75, 2009, pp. 1021-1027.
[28] C. H. Cheng, J. Lehmann, M. H. Engelhard, Natural Oxidation of Black Carbon in Soils: Changes in Molecular form and Surface Charge Along a Climosequence. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, Vol. 72, 2008, pp. 1598-1610.
[29] T. Iida, Y. Amano, M. Machida, F. Imazeki, Effect of Surface Property of Activated Carbon on Adsorption of Nitrate Ion, Chem Pharm Bull,
Vol. 61, 2013, pp. 1173.
[30] Y. Yao, B. Gao, M. Inyang, A. R. Zimmerman, X. Cao, P. Pullammanappallil, L. Yang, Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Biochar Derived from Anaerobically Digested Sugar Beet Tailings, J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 190, No. 1-3, 2011, pp. 501-507.
[31] K. A. Krishnan, A. Haridas, Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions and Sewage Using Natural and Surface Modified Coir Pith, J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 152, 2008, pp. 527-535.
[32] T. L. Eberhardt, S. H. Min, Biosorbents Prepared from Wood Particles Treated with Anionic Polymer and Iron Salt: Effect of Particle Size on Phosphate Adsorption, Bioresour. Technol.,
Vol. 99, 2008, pp. 626-630.
[33] C. Fang, T. Zhang, P. Li, R. F. Jiang, Y. C. Wang, Application of Mag-nesium Modified Corn Biochar for Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Swine Wastewater, Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol. 11, 2014, pp. 9217-9237, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.019.