Prevention and Handling of Juvenile Delinquency: From Criminological Theories to Contemporary Juvenile Justice Trends in Vietnam

Abstract

This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations for preventing and handling juvenile delinquency, based on key criminological theories, including social disorganization and strain, differential association, social learning, social control, and labeling. It identifies legitimate needs, risk factors, and mechanisms of delinquent behavior. The study evaluates the evolution of juvenile justice, from welfare-and-justice-oriented approaches to a modern hybrid model centered on the “best interests of the child” and the concept of “evolving capacities”. In Vietnam,  the Juvenile Justice Act 2024 marks a significant reform, emphasizing restorative justice, reintegration, and decriminalization. The conclusion highlights the importance of early intervention and social development programs for effective juvenile delinquency prevention.