Microbiological Etiologies and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Ventilator-associated Pneumonia at the Intensive Care Unit of National Hospital 74, 2024–2025

Abstract

To identify the microbiological etiologies and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at the Intensive Care Unit of National Hospital 74. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 58 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia treated at the Intensive Care Unit of National Hospital 74 from January 2024 to December 2025. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, including Acinetobacter baumannii (37.14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.57%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.71%). The isolated bacterial strains exhibited resistance to most of the tested antibiotics, especially carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, were the main etiologies of VAP; although different strains were tested with different antibiotics, all demonstrated high rates of antimicrobial resistance, particularly to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, necessitating rational antibiotic use strategies and effective infection control measures.