Analysis of Factors Influencing Treatment Outcomes of Hyperopic Amblyopia in Children Aged 36 to 72 Months

Abstract

Objective: To analyze factors influencing the treatment outcomes of hyperopic amblyopia in children aged 36 to 72 months. Methods: A non-controlled clinical intervention study was conducted. Patients aged 36–72 months diagnosed with hyperopic amblyopia who underwent examination and treatment at the Refraction Department, Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, from December 2024 to December 2025 were included. Results: The study included 120 children (228 eyes) with hyperopic amblyopia. The mean age was 61.08 ± 9.96 months (range: 38–72 months), with 13.3% in the 36–48 month group, 31.7% in the 49–60 month group, and 55.0% in the 61–72 month group. Among the 240 eyes of the 120 patients, 173 eyes (75.8%) had moderate amblyopia and 55 eyes (24.1%) had severe amblyopia. Mild hyperopia accounted for 28.5%, moderate hyperopia for 36.8%, and severe hyperopia for 34.6%. The mean pre-treatment visual acuity was 197.33 ± 141.1. The degree of hyperopia, baseline severity of amblyopia, binocular vision, anisometropia, and astigmatism were significantly associated with treatment outcomes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Younger age groups achieved higher rates of favorable treatment outcomes and vice versa. Conversely, greater severity of amblyopia was associated with lower rates of successful treatment. Children with mild hyperopia achieved a higher success rate compared to those with moderate or severe hyperopia. Binocular vision was correlated with treatment outcomes. Furthermore, a greater degree of astigmatism and higher anisometropia were associated with poorer treatment outcomes.