Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Gene Encoding Flavonol Synthase from Trung Du Teas Growing in Thai Nguyen
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, we conducted the cloning and sequencing gene encoding FLS from the two green and purple Trung Du tea cultivars. The length of FLS gene is 996 bp, encodes 331 amino acid. Results of FLS gene analysis showed that green and purple Trung Du cultivars has 13 nucleotide variants total as compare with FLS sequence published on Genbank. Nucleotide sequence differences lead to change amino acid sequence of key functional motives in FLS like motif characterizes the 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase superfamily, the PxxxIRxxx-EQP motif at the N-terminal (18→29) determines the FLS activity, the CPQ/RPxLAL motif) is the binding site of 2-oxoglutarate. How amino acid position changes affect FLS activity need further research. FLS gene isolates are sources for further research to aim elucidating the function of this enzyme.
Keywords:
Green Trung Du, purple Trung du, Flavonol, Flavonol synthase, polyphenol.
References
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[28] Đỗ Ngọc Qũy, Lê Thất Khương, Giáo trình cây chè sản xuất chế biến và tiêu thụ, NXB Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2000.
[29] Lương Văn Vượng, Phạm Huy Thông, Lê Văn Đức, Lê Hồng Vân, Kỹ thuật sản xuất và chế biến chè xanh, NXB Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2013.
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[32] Đinh Vũ, Chè tím Trung du và nỗi lo bảo tồn, Báo Phú Thọ điện tự, http://baophutho.vn/, Phú Thọ, 2012.
[33] R. Lukacin, L. Britsch, Identification of strictly conserved histidine and arginine residues as part of the active site in Petunia hybrida flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase, European journal of biochemistry 249 (1997) 748-757.
[2] Y. Itoh, T. Yasui, A. Okada, K. Tozawa, Y. Hayashi, K. Kohri, Preventive effects of green tea on renal stone formation and the role of oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis, J Urol 173 (2005) 271-275.
[3] D. Bandyopadhyay, T.K. Chatterjee, A. Dasgupta, J. Lourduraja, S.G. Dastidar, In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial action of tea: the commonest beverage of Asia, Biol Pharm Bull 28 (2005) 2125-2127.
[4] W.X. Tian, L.C. Li, X.D. Wu, C.C. Chen, Weight reduction by Chinese medicinal herbs may be related to inhibition of fatty acid synthase, Life Sci 74 (2004) 2389-2399.
[5] S. Sang, J.D. Lambert, S. Tian, J. Hong, Z. Hou, J.H. Ryu, R.E. Stark, R.T. Rosen, M.T. Huang, C.S. Yang, C.T. Ho, Enzymatic synthesis of tea theaflavin derivatives and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities, Bioorg Med Chem 12 (2004) 459-467.
[6] M.J. Lee, J.D. Lambert, S. Prabhu, X. Meng, H. Lu, P. Maliakal, C.T. Ho, C.S. Yang, Delivery of tea polyphenols to the oral cavity by green tea leaves and black tea extract, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13 (2004) 132-137.
[7] S. Gupta, N. Ahmad, R.R. Mohan, M.M. Husain, H. Mukhtar, Prostate cancer chemoprevention by green tea: in vitro and in vivo inhibition of testosterone-mediated induction of ornithine decarboxylase, Cancer Res 59 (1999) 2115-2120.
[8] R.L. Thangapazham, N. Passi, R.K. Maheshwari, Green tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion in human breast cancer cells, Cancer Biol Ther 6 (2007) 1938-1943.
[9] C.S. Yang, J.Y. Chung, G. Yang, S.K. Chhabra, M.J. Lee, Tea and tea polyphenols in cancer prevention, J Nutr 130 (2000) 472S-478S.
[10] K. Hosoda, M.F. Wang, M.L. Liao, C.K. Chuang, M. Iha, B. Clevidence, S. Yamamoto, Antihyperglycemic effect of oolong tea in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 1714-1718.
[11] C. Bursill, P.D. Roach, C.D. Bottema, S. Pal, Green tea upregulates the low-density lipoprotein receptor through the sterol-regulated element binding Protein in HepG2 liver cells, J Agric Food Chem 49 (2001) 5639-5645.
[12] S.K. Katiyar, F. Afaq, A. Perez, H. Mukhtar, Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress, Carcinogenesis 22 (2001) 287-294.
[13] S. Liu, H. Lu, Q. Zhao, Y. He, J. Niu, A.K. Debnath, S. Wu, S. Jiang, Theaflavin derivatives in black tea and catechin derivatives in green tea inhibit HIV-1 entry by targeting gp41, Biochim Biophys Acta 1723 (2005) 270-281.
[14] A. Finger, In-Vitro studies on the effect of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase on the formation of polyphenolic black tea constituents, J Sci Food Agric 66 (1994) 293-235.
[15] M.E. Harbowy, D.A. Balentine, Tea chemistry, Critical Reviews ill Plant Sciences 16 (1997) 415-480.
[16] M.U. Unal, S.N. Yabaci, A. Sener, Extraction, partical purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase from tea leaf (Camellia sinensis), GIDA 36 (2011) 137-144.
[17] M. Rudy, Inactivation of polyphenol oxidase in Camellia sinensis for the production of high quality instant green tea, University of Petoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 2008.
[18] Đỗ Văn Ngọc, Giống chè, kỹ thuật trồng và chăm sóc, NXB Nông Nghiệp, Viện nghiên cứu chè, Phú Thọ, 2000.
[19] M.M. Berger, Can oxidative damage be treated nutritionally?, Clinical Nutrition 24 (2005) 172-183.
[20] J.A. Vita, Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelial and platelet function, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 (2005) 292-297.
[21] D.L. McKay, J.B. Blumberg, The role of tea in human health: an update, J Am Coll Nutr 21 (2002) 1-13.
[22] G.J. Volikakis, C.E. Efstathiou, Fast screening of total flavonols in wines, tea-infusions and tomato juice by flow injection/adsorptive stripping voltammetry, Analytica Chimica Acta 551 (2005) 124–131.
[23] L. Britsch, W. Heller, H. Grisebach, Conversion of flavanone to flavone, dihydroflavonol and flavonol with an enzyme system from cell cultures of parsley, Z. Naturforsch 36 (1981) 742-750.
[24] T.A. Holton, F. Brugliera, Y. Tanaka, Cloning and expression of flavonol synthase from Petunia hybrida, Plant J 4 (1993) 1003-1010.
[25] T. Moriguchi, M. Kita, K. Ogawa, Y. Tomono, T. Endo, M. Omura, Flavonol synthase gene expression during citrus fruit development, Physiologia plantarum 114 (2002) 251-258.
[26] M.K. Pelletier, J.R. Murrell, B.W. Shirley, Characterization of flavonol synthase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase genes in Arabidopsis. Further evidence for differential regulation of "early" and "late" genes, Plant physiology 113 (1997) 1437-1445.
[27] G.Z. Lin, Y.J. Lian, J.H. Ryu, M.K. Sung, J.S. Park, H.J. Park, B.K. Park, J.S. Shin, M.S. Lee, C.I. Cheon, Expression and purification of His-tagged flavonol synthase of Camellia sinensis from Escherichia coli, Protein expression and purification 55 (2007) 287-292.
[28] Đỗ Ngọc Qũy, Lê Thất Khương, Giáo trình cây chè sản xuất chế biến và tiêu thụ, NXB Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2000.
[29] Lương Văn Vượng, Phạm Huy Thông, Lê Văn Đức, Lê Hồng Vân, Kỹ thuật sản xuất và chế biến chè xanh, NXB Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2013.
[30] Thu Hà, Bảo tồn, nâng cao chất lượng chè trung du ở vùng chè đặc sản Tân Cương, Cổng thông tin điện tử tỉnh Thái Nguyên, http://www.thainguyen.gov.vn/, Thái Nguyên, 2016.
[31] Vi Vân, Nâng cao năng suất, chất lượng chè trung du, Báo Thái Nguyên điện tử, http://baothainguyen.org.vn/, Thái Nguyên, 2015.
[32] Đinh Vũ, Chè tím Trung du và nỗi lo bảo tồn, Báo Phú Thọ điện tự, http://baophutho.vn/, Phú Thọ, 2012.
[33] R. Lukacin, L. Britsch, Identification of strictly conserved histidine and arginine residues as part of the active site in Petunia hybrida flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase, European journal of biochemistry 249 (1997) 748-757.