Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cyrtodactylus is one of the most diverse genera of the family Gekkonidae in Vietnam. The species number of this genus has remarkably increased from three in 1997 to 38 at present. Due to their morphological similarity, the taxonomy of bent-toed geckos is unclear. Based on recently collected samples from 24 provinces in Vietnam we conducted a range-wide investigation of the phylogenetic relationships for the Vietnamese species using a fragment of the COI mitochondrial DNA gene. Our analyses showed that C. paradoxus is a junior synonym of C. condorensis and that C. thuongae is a junior synonym of C. dati. Our results also recovered four distinct clades of the genus Cyrtodactylus in Việt Nam: the clade A containing C. hontreensis, C. intermedius, C. cf. phuquocensis; the clade B consisting of C. badenensis, C. bidoupimontis, C. bugiamapensis, C. caovansungi, C. cattienensis, C. cryptus, C. cucdongensis, C. dati, C. eisemanni, C. grismer, C. huynhi, C. irregularis, C. kingsadai, C. leegrismer, C. paradoxus, C. phuocbinhensis, C. pseudoquadrivirgatus, C. takouensis, C. taynguyenensis, C. yangbayensis and C. ziegleri; the clade C containing C. phongnhakebangensis, C. roesleri; and the clade D consisting of remaining species.
Keywords:
Cyrtodactylus, synonym, phylogenetic relationships
References
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[19] Phung, T.M., van Schingen, M., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2014) A third new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Ba Den Mountain, Tay Ninh Province, southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 347−363. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3764.3.5
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[21] Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539−542.
[22] Schneider, N., Phung, T.M., Le, M.D., Nguyen, T.Q. & Ziegler, T. (2014b) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khanh Hoa Province, southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3785 (4), 518–532. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3785.4.2
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[2] Dring, J.C.M. (1979) Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions of two new geckos: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 34, 181–241.
[3] Grismer, L.L., Wood, P.L. Jr., Ngo, V.T., Murdoch, M.L. (2015) The systematics and independent evolution of cave ecomorphology in distantly related clades of Bent-toed Geckos (Genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) from the Mekong Delta and islands in the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa, 3980 (1), 106-126. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3980.1.6
[4] Hoang, Q.X., Orlov, N.L., Ananjeva, N.B., Johns, A.G., Hoang, T.N. & Dau, V.Q. (2007) Description of a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the karst of North Central Việt Nam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14, 98–106.
[5] Ivanova, N.V., de Waard, J. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2006) An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01428.x
[6] Luu, V.Q., Nguyen, T.Q., Do, H.Q. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Huong Son limestone forest, Hanoi, northern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3129, 39–50.
[7] Luu, V.Q., Calame, T., Bonkowski, M., Nguyen, T.Q. & Ziegler, T. (2014) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, Lào. Zootaxa, 3760 (1), 54−66. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3760.1.3
[8] Luu, V.Q., Bonkowski, M., Nguyen, T.Q., Le, M.D, Schneider, N., Ngo, H.T. & Ziegler, T. (2016) Evolution in karst massifs: Cryptic diversity among bent-toed geckos along the Truong Son Range with descriptions of three new species and one new country record from Lào. Zootaxa 4107 (2). 101-140. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4107.2.1
[9] Nazarov, R.A., Orlov, N.L., Nguyen, S.N. & Ho, C.T. (2008) Taxonomy of naked–toe geckos Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex of South Việt Nam and description of a new species from Chu Yang Sin Natural Park (Krong Bong District, Dac Lac Province), Việt Nam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 15, 141–156.
[10] Nazarov, R., Poyarkov, N.A., Orlov, N.I., Phung, T.M., Nguyen, T.T., Hoang, D.M. & Ziegler, T. (2012) Two new cryptic species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3302, 1–24.
[11] Ngo, T.V. (2011) Cyrtodactylus martini, another new karst-dwelling Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northwestern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 2834, 33–46.
[12] Ngo, T.V. (2013) Cyrtodactylus dati, a new forest dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3616, 151–164.
[13] Ngo, T.V. & Chan, K.O. (2011) A new karstic cave-dwelling Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3125, 51–63.
[14] Ngo, T.V. & Grismer, L.L (2010) A new karst dwelling Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Son La Province, northwestern Việt Nam. Hamadryad, 35, 84–95.
[15] Nguyen, S.N., Le, N.T.T., Tran, D.T.A., Orlov, N.L., Lathrop, A., Macculloch, R.D., Le, D.T.T., Jin, J-Q., Nguyen, L.T., Nguyen, T.T., Hoang, D.D., Che, J., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y.-P. (2013) Phylogeny of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis species complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Việt Nam with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3737 (4), 399– 414. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3737.4.4
[16] Nguyen, S.N., Yang, J-X., Le, N.T.T., Nguyen, L.T., Orlov, N.L., Hoang, C.V., Nguyen, T.Q., Jin, J-Q., Rao, D-Q., Hoang, T.N., Che, J., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y-P. (2014) DNA barcoding of Việt Namese bent-toed geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) and the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3784 (1), 48–66. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3784.1.2
[17] Nguyen, T.Q., Kingsada, P., Rösler, H., Auer, M. & Ziegler, T. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Lào. Zootaxa, 2652, 1–16.
[18] Nguyen, T.Q., Le, M.D., Pham, A.V., Ngo, H.N., Hoang, C.V., Pham, C.T. & Ziegler, T. (2015) Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3985 (3), 375–390.
[19] Phung, T.M., van Schingen, M., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2014) A third new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Ba Den Mountain, Tay Ninh Province, southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 347−363. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3764.3.5
[20] Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817−818. https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
[21] Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539−542.
[22] Schneider, N., Phung, T.M., Le, M.D., Nguyen, T.Q. & Ziegler, T. (2014b) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khanh Hoa Province, southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3785 (4), 518–532. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3785.4.2
[23] Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 4876−4882. https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
[24] Uetz, P. & Hosek, J. (Eds.) (2017) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 24 July 2017)
[25] Ziegler, T., Phung, T.M., Le, M.D. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2013) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phu Yen Province, southern Việt Nam. Zootaxa, 3686 (4), 432–446. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3686.4.2