Chronic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Micro-Crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance our insight on the potential toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the aquatic environment. To investigate the chronic toxicity of nanoparticles, freshwater micro-crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi was exposed to different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 µg/l AgNPs, and control, for 21 days. Toxicological endpoints at different growing stages such as the maturation and reproduction were recorded. The reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi exposed to both AgNPs concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 µg/l ) was significantly lower than that of control. In turn, the maturation exposed to both AgNPs concentrations was not significantly different from the control treatment. This result indicates that AgNPs (with a concentration lower than 0.5 µg/l) did not have an adverse effect on the maturation of D. lumholtzi, but AgNPs with a concentration higher than 0.2 caused a toxic effect on the reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi during 21 days of the exposure period. In conclusion, the present results showed that AgNPs have toxic effects on D. lumholtzi and it has the potential to use as good freshwater aquatic zooplankton for assessment on the toxicity of nanomaterials in tropics. The future study should pay more attention to the effect of AgNPs on survival, growth rate, and multiple generations of daphnids to better understand the effects of nanoparticles in general and AgNPs in particular.
Keywords:
Bootstrap method, chronic test, Daphnia lumholtzi, ecological toxicology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
References
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[11] L.D. Scanlan, R.B. Reed, A.V. Loguinov, P. Antczak, A. Tagmount, S. Aloni, ..., D. Pham, Silver nanowire exposure results in internalization and toxicity to Daphnia magna, Acs Nano 7(12) (2013) 10681-10694. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn 4034103.
[12] T.L. Pham, Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Tropical Freshwater and Marine Microalgae, Journal of Chemistry (2019). https://doi.org/10. 1155/2019/9658386.
[13] A.A. Becaro, C.M. Jonsson, F.C. Puti, M.C. Siqueira, L.H.C. Mattoso, D.S. Correa, M.D. Ferreira, Toxicity of PVA-stabilized silver nanoparticles to algae and microcrustaceans, Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 3 (2015) 22-29. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.enmm.2014.11.002.
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[15] D. Ebert, Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia, Bethesda: National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2005.
[16] L.S. Clescerl, A.E. Greenberg, A.D. Eaton, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, 1998.
[17] R. Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (Version 3.3.1, Vienna, Austria) (2016) https://www.Rproject.org.
[18] A. Canty, B.D. Ripley, Bootstrap R (S-Plus) Functions. R package version (2016) 3–18.
[19] P. Driscoll, F. Lecky, M. Crosby, An introduction to everyday statistics-1, Emergency Medicine Journal 17(3) (2000) 205-211. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1136/emj.17.3.205-a.
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[22] I. Blinova, J. Niskanen, P. Kajankari, L. Kanarbik, A. Kakinen, H. Tenhu, O. Penttinen, A. Kahru, Toxicity of two types of silver nanoparticles to aquatic crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20 (2013), 3456-3463.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1290-5.
[23] J. Martins, L. O. Teles, V. Vasconcelos, Assays with Daphnia magna and Danio rerio as alert systems in aquatic toxicology, Environment International 33(3) (2007) 414-425. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2006.12.006.
[24] J. Hou, Y. Zhou, C. Wang, S. Li, X. Wang, Toxic effects and molecular mechanism of different types of silver nanoparticles to the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna, Environmental Science & Technology 51(21) (2017) 12868-12878. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b 03918.