The Association between Genetic and Racial Factors in Ethanol Containing Beverages Metabolism and Health Risks in Human
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ethanol containing beverages (alcoholic beverages) are socially acceptable beverages that are expected to provide refreshment, satisfaction and stress relief. Common types of ethanol containing beverages include: wine, beer, and syrup. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol abuse is a risk factor for high mortality and many diseases in humans such as fatty liver, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, liver cancer, larynx cancer, nasopharynx cancer, stomach and esophageal cancer,… In human, ethanol is eliminated mainly through metabolism in two ways: Oxidative pathway with the participation of enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 and catalase; non-oxidative pathways involving phospholipase and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) synthase. Alcohol abuse is believed to be caused by genetic factors (ADH, ALDH,...), psychological and social factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism helped explaining why certain ethnic groups and individuals have higher or lower ethanol-related health risks and development of alcohol abuse syndrome. In Vietnam, using ethanol containing beverages is a habit imbued with traditional culture. At the same time, wine and beer abuse is already a problem and causes many serious consequences for public health, family happiness and social safety. Meanwhile, the concept that drinking alcohol helps relieve nervous tension is common, many people still feel subjectively drinking alcohol to be healthier. Some studies have shown differences about SNPs of gene encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism in Vietnamese. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between SNPs of these genes with alcohol and beer drinking habits leading to abuse and the risks of ethanol-related diseases.
Keywords:
Alcohol abuse, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyd dehydrogenase, cytochrom P450, catalase.
References
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[5] A. I. Cederbaum, Alcohol Metabolism, Clinics in Liver Disease, Vol. 16, 2012, pp. 667-685.
[6] S. Zakhari, Overview: How is Alcohol Metabolized by the Body?, Alcohol Res Health, Vol. 29, 2006, pp. 245-254.
[7] T. D. Hurley, H. J. Edenberg, Genes Encoding Enzymes Involved in Ethanol Metabolism, Alcohol Res, Vol. 34, 2012, pp. 339-344.
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[22] Q. Wu, H. Hayashi, D. Hira, K. Sonoda, S. Ueshima, S. Ohno, T. Makiyama, T. Terada, T. Katsura, K. Miura, Genetic Variants of Alcohol‐metabolizing Enzymes in Brugada Syndrome: Insights Into Syncope After Drinking Alcohol, J Arrhythm, Vol. 35, 2019, pp. 752-759.
[23] P. Govind, S. Pavethynath, M. Sawabe, T. Arai, M. Muramatsu, Association between rs1229984 in ADH1B and Cancer Prevalence in a Japanese Population, Mol Clin Oncol, Vol. 12, 2020, pp. 503-500.
[24] C. H. Lin, O. N. Nfor, C. C. Ho, S. Y. Hsu, D. M. Tantoh, Y. C. Liaw, M. R. Daria, C. H. Chen, Y. P. Liaw, Association of ADH1B Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption with Increased Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke, J. Transl Med, Vol. 19, 2021, pp. 1-8.
[25] W. Wang, C. Wang, H. Xu, Y. Gao, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Liver Disease and Cancer, Int J Biol Sci, Vol. 16, 2020, pp. 921-924.
[26] A. Frenzer, W. J. Butler, I. D. Norton, J. S. Wilson, M. V. Apte, R. C. Pirola, P. Ryan, I. C. R. Thomson, Polymorphism in Alcohol-metabolizing Enzymes, Glutathione S-transferases and Apolipoprotein E and Susceptibility to Alcohol-induced Cirrhosis and Chronic Pancreatitis, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Vol. 17, 2002, pp. 177-182.
[27] M. Verlaan, R. H. T. Morsche, H. M. Roelofs, R. J. Laheij, J. B. Jansen, W. H. Peters, J. P. Drenth, Genetic Polymorphisms in Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes and Chronic Pancreatitis, Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), Vol. 39, 2004, pp. 20-24.
[28] H. C. Lach, K. Celinski, M. Slomka, Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Alcohol Chronic Pancreatitis Among Polish Individuals, HPB (Oxford), Vol. 10, 2008, pp. 138-143.
[29] K. Yoshimasu, K. Mure, M. Hashimoto, S. Takemura, K. Tsuno, M. Hayashida, K. Kinoshita, T. Takeshita, K. Miyashita, Genetic Alcohol Sensitivity Regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B Polymorphisms as Indicator of Mental Disorders in Japanese Employees, Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), Vol. 50, 2014, pp. 39-45.
[30] M. Hashibe, J. D. McKay, M. P. Curado, J. C. Oliveira, S. Koifman, R. Koifman, D. Zaridze, O. Shangina, V. W. Filho, J. E. Neto, J. E. Levi, E. Matos, P. Lagiou, A. Lagiou, S. Benhamou, C. Bouchardy, N. S. Dabrowska, A. Menezes, M. M. Dall'Agnol, F. Merletti, L. Richiardi, L. Fernandez, J. Lence, R. Talamini, L. Barzan, D. Mates, I. N. Mates, K. Kjaerheim, G. J. Macfarlane, T. V. Macfarlane, L. Simonato, C. Canova, I. Holcatova, A. Agudo,
X. Castellsague, R. Lowry, V. Janout, H. Kollarova, D. I. Conway, P. A. McKinney, A. Znaor, E. Fabianova, V. Bencko, J. Lissowska, A. Chabrier, R. J. Hung, V. Gaborieau, P. Boffetta, P. Brennan, Multiple ADH Genes are Associated with Upper Aerodigestive Cancers, Nature Genetics, Vol. 40, 2008, pp. 707-709.
[31] A. Iron, A. Groppi, B. Fleury, J. Begueret, A. Cassaigne, P. Couzigou, Polymorphism of Class I Alcohol Dehydrogenase in French, Vietnamese and Niger Populations: Genotyping by PCR Amplification and RFLP Analysis on Dried Blood Spots, Annales de Genetique, Vol. 35, 1992, pp. 152-156.
[32] H. T. T Uong, T. D. Tran, K. V. Tran, B. T. Nguyen, K. T. Vu, ADH1C Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Vietnam Medical Joural, Vol. 109, 2017, pp. 1-8 (in Vietnamese).
[33] Y. T. T Hoang, Y. T. Nguyen, H. D. Nguyen, A. T. P. Le, H. T. T. Bui, N. P. Vu, H. H. Nguyen, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 Genes in 235 People Living in Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 23, 2022, pp. 4243-4251.