Production of Ethyl Biodiesel from Catfish Oil by New Method Using Ethyl Biodiesel as Co-Solvent
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, ethyl biodiesel (FAEE) from catfish oil was produced by a new method using FAEE as co-solvent. The study results show that due to the short reaction time with very high conversion (> 99%) and there was no need to remove the FAEE co-solvent, the cost of the product was reduced by about 30%. FAEE, a multipurpose product, can be used as an engine fuel itself and its ester-rich fraction of omega-3, -6, -9 acids can also be extracted to produce high added value supplements.
Keywords:
Catfish oil, Ethanol, Ethyl carboxylate, ethyl biodiesel, Omega-3,-6,-9 acid esters, co-solvent, co-solvent method.
References
[1] N.H. Thanh, NT.T. Nguyen, N.T.P. Thoa, Sonochemicals synthesis of biodiesel from catfist oil, Journal of Science and Technology Development 12 (3)(2009) 51-61 (in Vietnamese).
[2] R. Yahyaee, B. Ghobadian, G. Najafi, Waste fish oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel in Iran, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 17 (2013) 312-319. https://doi.org/- 10.1016/j.rser. 2012.09.025.
[3] Y. Mulugetta, Evaluating the economics of biodiesel in Africa, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1592–1598. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.011.
[4] S. Sathivel, W. Prinyawiwatkul, J.M. King, C.C. Grimm, and S. Steven Lloyd, Oil Production from Catfish Viscera, AOCS 80 (4) (2003) 337-338. https://doi.org/-10.1007/s- 11746-003-0707-z.
[5] V.T.V. Dung, N.X. Trung, L.D. Phuong, L.V. Boi, Analysis of FFA in catfish oil used in biodiesel production, Journal of Chemistry 48 (4C) (2010) 522-528 (in Vietnamese).
[6] B. Abderrahim, M. Mercedes, A. Jose, A comparative study of the production of ethyl esters from vegetable oils as a biodiesel fuel optimization by factorial design, Chemical Engineering Journal 134 (2007) 93–99. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.077.
[7] F. Sundus, M.A. Fazel, H.H. Masjuki, Tribology with biodiesel: a study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties, Renew and Sustain. Energy Rev. 70 (2017) 399–412. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.217.
[8] W. Chen, Y. Wang, M. Ding, S. Shi, Z. Yang, Crystallization behaviors and rheological properties of biodiesel derived from methanol and ethanol, Fuel 207 (2017) 503–50. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.121.
[9] P. Verma, M.P. Sharma, G. Dwivedi, Impact of alcohol on biodiesel production and properties, Renew and Sustain. Energy Rev. 56 (2016) 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.048.
[10] M. Cernoch, F. Skopal, M. Hajek, Separation of reaction mixture after ethanolysis of rapeseed oil, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 111 (2009) 663–668. https://doi.org/-10.1002/ejlt.- 200800255.
[11] S.S. Ragit, S.K. Mohapatra, K. Kundu, R. Karmakan, Methanolysis and ethanolysis of raw hemp oil: biodiesel production and fuel characterization, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 2 (2013) 1–10. Corpus ID: 137693125.
[12] A. Bouaid, M. Martinez, J.A. Aracil, Comparative study of the production of ethyl esters from vegetable oils as a biodiesel fuel optimization by factorial design, Chem. Eng. J. 134 (2007) 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.077.
[13] R. Nikhom, C. Tongurai, Production development of ethyl ester biodiesel from palm oil using a continuous deglycerolisation process, Fuel 117 (2014) 926–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel. 2013.10.018.
[14] G.M. Hincapie, S. Valange, J. Barrault, J.A. Moreno, D.P. Lopez, Effect of microwave-assisted system on transesterification of castor oil with ethanol, Univ. Sci. 19 (2014) 193–200. http:// dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.SC19-3.emas
[15] R.R. Nasaruddin, M.Z. Alam, M.S. Jami, A. Salihu, Statistical optimization of ethanol-based biodiesel production from sludge palm oil using locally produced candida cylindracea lipase, Waste Biomass Valor. 7 (2016) 87–95. https://doi. org/10.1007/s-12649-015-9424-x.
[16] M. Cernoch, M. Hajek, F. Skopal, Study of effects of some reaction conditions on ethanolysis of rapeseed oil with dispergation, Bioresour. Technol. 101 (2010) 1213–1219. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.033.
[2] R. Yahyaee, B. Ghobadian, G. Najafi, Waste fish oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel in Iran, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 17 (2013) 312-319. https://doi.org/- 10.1016/j.rser. 2012.09.025.
[3] Y. Mulugetta, Evaluating the economics of biodiesel in Africa, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1592–1598. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.011.
[4] S. Sathivel, W. Prinyawiwatkul, J.M. King, C.C. Grimm, and S. Steven Lloyd, Oil Production from Catfish Viscera, AOCS 80 (4) (2003) 337-338. https://doi.org/-10.1007/s- 11746-003-0707-z.
[5] V.T.V. Dung, N.X. Trung, L.D. Phuong, L.V. Boi, Analysis of FFA in catfish oil used in biodiesel production, Journal of Chemistry 48 (4C) (2010) 522-528 (in Vietnamese).
[6] B. Abderrahim, M. Mercedes, A. Jose, A comparative study of the production of ethyl esters from vegetable oils as a biodiesel fuel optimization by factorial design, Chemical Engineering Journal 134 (2007) 93–99. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.077.
[7] F. Sundus, M.A. Fazel, H.H. Masjuki, Tribology with biodiesel: a study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties, Renew and Sustain. Energy Rev. 70 (2017) 399–412. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.217.
[8] W. Chen, Y. Wang, M. Ding, S. Shi, Z. Yang, Crystallization behaviors and rheological properties of biodiesel derived from methanol and ethanol, Fuel 207 (2017) 503–50. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.121.
[9] P. Verma, M.P. Sharma, G. Dwivedi, Impact of alcohol on biodiesel production and properties, Renew and Sustain. Energy Rev. 56 (2016) 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.048.
[10] M. Cernoch, F. Skopal, M. Hajek, Separation of reaction mixture after ethanolysis of rapeseed oil, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 111 (2009) 663–668. https://doi.org/-10.1002/ejlt.- 200800255.
[11] S.S. Ragit, S.K. Mohapatra, K. Kundu, R. Karmakan, Methanolysis and ethanolysis of raw hemp oil: biodiesel production and fuel characterization, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 2 (2013) 1–10. Corpus ID: 137693125.
[12] A. Bouaid, M. Martinez, J.A. Aracil, Comparative study of the production of ethyl esters from vegetable oils as a biodiesel fuel optimization by factorial design, Chem. Eng. J. 134 (2007) 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.077.
[13] R. Nikhom, C. Tongurai, Production development of ethyl ester biodiesel from palm oil using a continuous deglycerolisation process, Fuel 117 (2014) 926–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel. 2013.10.018.
[14] G.M. Hincapie, S. Valange, J. Barrault, J.A. Moreno, D.P. Lopez, Effect of microwave-assisted system on transesterification of castor oil with ethanol, Univ. Sci. 19 (2014) 193–200. http:// dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.SC19-3.emas
[15] R.R. Nasaruddin, M.Z. Alam, M.S. Jami, A. Salihu, Statistical optimization of ethanol-based biodiesel production from sludge palm oil using locally produced candida cylindracea lipase, Waste Biomass Valor. 7 (2016) 87–95. https://doi. org/10.1007/s-12649-015-9424-x.
[16] M. Cernoch, M. Hajek, F. Skopal, Study of effects of some reaction conditions on ethanolysis of rapeseed oil with dispergation, Bioresour. Technol. 101 (2010) 1213–1219. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.033.