Assessment of Concentration and Ecological Risks of some Persistent Organochlorine Compounds in Water and Sediments of the Red River Running from Hanoi to Nam Dinh
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study focuses on the assessment of organochlorinated pesticide (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in water and surface sediments in the Red River flowing from Hanoi to Nam Dinh city with a length of 85 km. Fifteen paired water and surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of OCPs and PCBs by GC-ECD. The total concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, DDTs and OCPs in water samples were ranged from 0.013 ÷ 0,033 µg/L; 0.601 ÷ 30.7 µg/L; 0.091 ÷ 2.73 µg=/L and 1.27 ÷ 39.3 µg/L, respectively. The average residue levels of these substances in sediment samples were 23.3 µg/kg dry weight (dw), 14.6 µg/kg dw, 1.16 µg/kg (dw), and 18.2 µg/kg (dw), respectively. Semi-quantitative risk assessment indicates that OCPs in water and surface sediments in the study area were low to moderate risk. The obtained data can be a scientific basis for implementing environmental pollution control measures in the Red River basin.
Keywords:
PCBs, OCPs, sediment, Red river, ecological risks.
References
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[7] A. O. Barakat, A. Mostafa, T. L. Wade, S. T. Sweet, N. B. E. Sayed, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediments from the Mediterranean Coastal Environment of Egypt, Chemosphere, Vol. 93, 2013, pp. 545-554.
[8] T. T. Tham, Assessment of the Residue Levels of OCPs, PCBs and PBDEs in Sediments and some Bivalve Species Collected Estuaries along with the Coastal Areas of Central Vietnam, Doctoral Thesis, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, 2017 (in Vietnamese).
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[10] N. H. Cu, Assessment of Environmental Quality, History and Trends of some Important Water Bodies as a Basis for Management of Coastal Lagoons in Central Vietnam and Several Related Lakes, Overall Report on International Cooperation Tasks on Science and Technology under the Vietnam-Italy Protocol, Ministry of Science and Technology, 2010 (in Vietnamese).
[11] P. M. Hoai, N. T. Ngoc, N. H. Minh, P. H. Viet, Michael Berg, Alfredo C, Alder, Walter Giger, Recent Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Sediment of the Sewer System in Hanoi, Vietnam, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 158, 2010, pp. 913-920.
[12] L. T. Trinh, Evaluation of Analytical Methods for some Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sediments, Science and Technics Publishing House, 2017 (in Vietnamese).
[13] MPP - EAS, Environmental Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Tropical Ecosystems - MPP - EAS Technical Report No. 21 Global Environment Facility/United Nations Development Program/World Maritime Organization on containment Prevention and Environmental Management of East Asian Seas, Quezon City, Philippines, 1999.
[14] N. T. Thao, D. T. Hanh, N. Q. Trung, Evaluation of PCBs, PAHs, Sterols Content in River Water in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City using AIS-DB Software Integrated on GCMS, Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 54, No. 5, 2016, pp. 555-560.
[15] L. T. Trinh, T. T. Tham, T. T. Thuy, Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Sediment at the Estuary Area of Han River, Da Nang, Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2015, pp. 128-134 (in Vietnamese).
[16] A. Mahmood, R. N. Malik, J. Li, G. Zhang, Levels, Distribution Pattern and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorines Pesticides (OCP) in Water and Sediments from Two Tributaries of the Chenab River, Pakistan, Ecotoxicology, Vol. 23, 2014, pp. 1713-1721.
[17] A. O. Adeleye, H. Jin, Y. Di, D. Li, J. Chen, Y. Ye, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Organic Pollutants in the Sediments and Seafood of Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, East China Sea, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 541, 2016, pp. 1540-1548.
[18] Vietnam Environment Administration MONRE, The Current Status of Environmental Pollution Caused by Pesticide Residues Heading Persistent Organic Compounds in Vietnam, 2015 (in Vietnamese).
[19] N. H. Tin, Overview of Agricultural Pollution in Vietnam: Crop Industry World Bank, Washington DC, 2017 (in Vietnamese).