Cholesterol-lowering Potential and Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Human Milk
Main Article Content
Abstract
Recent research generated information that human milk is not only a valuable source of nutrition, but it also provides a complex microbial community, containing especially Lactobacillus species - the major components of a great number of commercial probiotics. New findings on potential applications of Lactobacillus species revealed that these bacteria have abilities to produce anti-microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) and to reduce cholesterol in culture broth. In this study, we successfully isolated and screened for Lactobacillus bacteria from human milk samples, and finally obtained four strains, including L. plantarum BM7.13, L. plantarum BM29.7, L. acidophilus BM10.8 and L. rhamnosus BM30.4. Researching the probiotic activities of these strains showed that all strains were tolerant to the low pH (3.0) and 0.3% bile salts. Characterization of the probiotic properties indicated that all selected Lactobacillus isolates had ESP (125-326 mg/L) and exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium. Our results also indicated that all strains displayed cholesterol assimilation capabilities in culture broth with the maximum figure recorded for L. plantarum BM7.13.
Keywords:
Lactobacillus, decrease cholesterol, probiotics.
References
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[3] A. K. Abdalla et al., Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity, Front, Microbiol, Vol. 12, 2021.
[4] G. Wang, W. Huang, Y. Xia, Z. Xiong, L. Ai, Cholesterol-lowering Potentials of Lactobacillus Strain Overexpression of Bile Salt Hydrolase on High Cholesterol Diet-induced Hypercholesterolemic Mice, Food Funct, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2019, pp. 1684-1695.
[5] W. Liu et al., Characterization of Potentially Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Isolated from Human Colostrum, J. Dairy Sci, Vol. 103, No. 5, 2020, pp. 4013-4025.
[6] M. Jiang et al., Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 Isolated from Human Breast Milk Breast Milk, J. Dairy Sci, Vol. 99, No. 3, 2016, pp. 1736-1746.
[7] AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC Arlington, VA, 1990.
[8] K. Anila, A. Kunzes, T. C. Bhalla, In Vitro Cholesterol Assimilation and Functional Enzymatic Activities of Putative Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from Fermented Foods/beverages of North West India, J. Nutr Food Sci, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2016.
[9] G. Alp Avci, Selection of Superior Bifidobacteria in the Presence of Rotavirus, Brazilian J. Med, Biol, Res, Vol. 49, No. 11, 2016, pp. 1-8.
[10] M. S. Riaz Rajoka et al, Functional Characterization and Biotechnological Potential of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strains Isolated from Human Breast Milk, LWT - Food Sci, Technol, Vol. 89, 2018, pp. 638-647.
[11] C. Fontana, P. S. Cocconcelli, G. Vignolo, L. Saavedra, Occurrence of Antilisterial Structural Bacteriocins Genes in Meat Borne Lactic Acid Bacteria, Food Control, Vol. 47, 2015, pp. 53-59.
[12] C. Jamyuang, P. Phoonlapdacha, N. Chongviriyaphan, W. Chanput, S. Nitisinprasert, M. Nakphaichit, Characterization and Probiotic Properties of Lactobacilli from Human Breast Milk, 3 Biotech, Vol. 9, No. 11, 2019, pp. 1-11.
[13] S. Oddi et al., Occurrence of Bacteria with Technological and Probiotic Potential in Argentinian Human Breast-milk, Benef, Microbes, Vol. 11, No. 7, 2020, pp. 685-702.
[14] C. Luz et al., Probiotic Characterization of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Breast Milk and Employment for the Elaboration of a Fermented Milk Product, J. Funct, Foods, Vol. 84, No.., 2021, pp.
[15] D. Ozgun, H. C. Vural, Identification of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Faecal Specimens of Babies and Human Milk Colostrum by API 50 CHL System, J. Med, Genet, Genomics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2011, pp. 46-49.
[16] A. Oren, G. M. Garrity, Notification that New Names of Prokaryotes, New Combinations, and New Taxonomic Opinions have Appeared in Volume 70, Part 4 of the IJSEM, Int, J. Syst, Evol, Microbiol, Vol. 70, No. 7, 2020, pp. 4050-4060.
[17] C. C. Chen et al., Repeated-batch Lactic Acid Fermentation using a Novel Bacterial Immobilization Technique Based on a Microtube Array Membrane, Process Biochem, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2019, pp. 25-32.
[18] K. Mis Solval, A. Chouljenko, A. Chotiko, S. Sathivel, Growth Kinetics and Lactic Acid Production of Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496, L. acidophilus NRRL B-4495, and L. reuteri B-14171 in Media Containing Egg White Hydrolysates, Lwt, Vol. 105, 2019, pp. 393-399.
[19] S. V. Dilna et al., Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide with Potential Health-benefit Properties from a Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RJF4, LWT - Food Sci, Technol, Vol. 64, No. 2, 2015, pp. 1179-1186.
[20] M. T. Liong, N. P. Shah, Acid and Bile Tolerance and Cholesterol Removal Ability of Lactobacilli Strains, J. Dairy Sci, Vol. 88, No. 1, 2005, pp. 55-66.
[21] N. Singhal et al., Rhizospheric Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) Strains Exhibit Bile Salt Hydrolysis, Hypocholestrolemic and Probiotic Capabilities in Vitro, Sci, Rep, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2021, pp. 1-9.
[22] R. A. Walhe et al., Cholesterol Reduction and Vitamin B12 Production Study on Enterococcus Faecium and Lactobacillus pentosus Isolated from Yoghurt, Sustain, Vol. 13, No. 11, 2021, pp.
[23] E. Tok, B. Aslim, Cholesterol Removal by some Lactic Acid Bacteria that can be used as Probiotic, Microbiology and immunology, Vol. 54, No. 5, 2010, pp.
[24] H. Kimoto, S. Ohmomo, T. Okamoto, Cholesterol Removal from Media by Lactococci, J. Dairy Sci, Vol. 85, No. 12, 2002, pp. 3182-3188.
[25] Y. Yang, Y. Liu, S. Zhou, L. Huang, Y. Chen, H. Huan. Bile Salt Hydrolase can Improve Lactobacillus plantarum Survival in Gastrointestinal Tract by Enhancing their Adhesion Ability, FEMS Microbiol, Lett, Vol. 366, No. 8, 2019, pp.