Diversity of Green Macroalgae Genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) in Hai Phong and Potential Uses
Main Article Content
Abstract
The knowledge of marine algae species composition is imperative not only for understanding the structure, function and biogeographical affinities but also for planning strategies for marine algae conservation and management. This study was carried out to determine the diverse species and evaluate some use-values of green macroalgae from genus Ulva in Hai Phong, where many different habitats such as estuarine floodplains, lagoons or small bays and diverse in the bottom (hard, sandy, sandy-mud bottom). Ulva samples were collected at 11 sites in 5 areas in 2021. Based on the results of species composition, were identified 11 species of the genus Ulva. The species composition of the genus Ulva in Hai Phong accounted for 73.3% of the total species recorded in Vietnam; accounting for 19.6% of the total number of Asian species, and 12.9% of the total number of Ulva species in the world. The Cluster and MDS (Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis) on the similarity in vertical distribution and geographical distribution among the studied species. Based on the active ingredients and uses value, the studied determined 9 species of genus Ulva in Hai Phong were identified with economic value.
Keywords:
Ulva, Green macroalgae, MDS, Hai Phong
References
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[2] H. W. Lee, J. C. Kang, M. S. Kim, Taxonomy of Ulva Causing Blooms from Jeju Island, Korea with New Species, Ulva Pseudo-ohnoi sp. Nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta), Algae, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2019, pp. 253-266,
https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2019.34.12.9.
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[5] N. V. Tien, Chlorophyta Pascher (Marine Taxa), in: Flora of Vietnam, Hanoi Science and Technology Publishing, 2007, pp. 279 (in Vietnamese).
[6] J. W. Kang, I. K. Chung, The Effects of Eutrophication and Acidification on the Ecophysiology of Ulva Pertusa Kjellman, Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2017, pp. 2675-2683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1087-5.
[7] M. D. Guiry, G. M. Guiry, Algaebase, World-Wide Electronic Publication, 2021, [Online]. Available: www.algaebase.org/, 2021 (accessed on: Feb 25th 2021).
[8] D. E. Y., Marine Plants in the Vicinity of the Institute Oceanographique de Nha Trang, Vietnam, Pac. Sc. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1954, pp. 373-481.
[9] N. V. Tu, N. H. Le, S. M. Lin, F. Steen, O. De Clerck, Checklist of the Marine Macroalgae of Vietnam, Botanica Marina, Vol. 56, No. 3, 2013, pp. 207-227, https://doi.org/.1515/bot-2013-0010.
[10] T. D. Thanh, B. Q. San, N. V. Can, T. D. Lan, N. V. Quan, L. V. Dieu, N. T. Thu, T. A. Tu, N. T. K. Anh, Nature and Environment Along the Coast of Hai Phong, Natural Science and Technology Publishing, 2015 (in Vietnamese).
[11] N. T. Ban, Taxonomy and Systematics of Plants, in: Postgraduate Lectures, National Center for Natural Science and Technology, 1997 (in Vietnamese).
[12] P. H. Ho, Seaweed of Vietnam (southern part), Saigon Publishing Learning Resource Center, 1969, pp. 558 (in Vietnamese).
[13] N. Clarke, K. R. Gorley, PRIMER-e, Plymouth, 2006, pp. 192.
[14] J. R. Bray, J. T. Curtis, An Ordination of the Upland Forest Communities of Southern Wisconsin, Ecological Monographs, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1957, pp. 325-349, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942268.
[15] J. Feldmann, R. Lami, Sur la Vegetation Marine de la Guadeloupe C. R. Acad, Sci, Vol. 204, 1937, pp. 168-188.
[16] A. Stephenson, T. A. Stephenson, The Universal Features of Zonation between Tide - marks on Rocky Coasts, The Journal of Ecology, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1949, pp. 289-305.
[17] P. H. Ho, Contribution a L’étude du Peuplement du Littoral Rocheux du Vietnam (Sud), in Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Saigon, 1962.
[18] N. Command, Tidal Table 2021, Vol. 3, 2021 (in Vietnamese).
[19] N. V. Tien, Seaweed Ha Long Bay, in Anthology of Marine Environment and Resources, 1996 (in Vietnamese).
[20] D. D. Tien, L. T. Son, V. T. Ca, Species Composition and Distribution of Seaweed in Ly Son Archipelago, Quang Ngai Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2011, pp. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/11/3/379 (in Vietnamese).
[21] D. D. Tien, Species Composition and Distribution of Seaweed in Nai Lagoon - Ninh Thuan Province, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2016, pp. 192-197, https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16/2/6832 (in Vietnamese).
[22] D. A. Duy, D. D. Tien, D. T. Dat Species Composition and Distribution of Seaweed in Nam Du, Kien Giang, Scientific Journal of Can Tho University, Vol. 55, No. 4A, 2019, pp. 71-81, https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2019.097 (in Vietnamese).
[23] N. M. Linh, D. A. Duy, D. D. Tien, Species Composition and Distribution of Seaweed in Dong Bac Bay, Con Dao, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2019, pp. 325-332,
https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3A/14317 (in Vietnamese).
[24] D. D. Tien, N. T. M. Anh, N. M. Linh, P. T. Hue, and Lawrence Liao, Species Composition and Distribution of Marine Macro Algae at Co To and Thanh Lan Archipelago, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2020, pp. 267-276, https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/20/3/15247.
[25] D. D. Tien, N. T. M. Anh, N. M. Linh, C. V. Luong, P. V. Chien, Species Composition and Distribution of Marine Algae at Con Co Island, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 1, 2021, pp. 67-76, https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16052.
[26] J. L. Lewis, J. N. Norris, A History and Annotated Account of the Benthic Marine Algae of Taiwan, 1987.
[27] B. J. Ha, C. R. K. Reddy, M. C. Thakur, M. U. Rao, and Reddy, The Diversity and Distribution of Seaweeds of the Gujarat Coast, 1st ed. Springer, Dordrecht, 2009.
[28] G. Du, F. Wu, Y. Mao, S. Guo, H. Xue, G. Bi, DNA Barcoding Assessment of Green Macroalgae in Coastal Zone Around Qingdao, China, Journal of Ocean University of China, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2014, pp. 97-103, https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11802-014-2197-1.
[29] E. A. Titlyanov, T. V. Titlyanova, X. Li, H. Huang, Common Marine Algae of Hainan Island (Guidebook), 2017.
[30] J. H. Kang et al., Species Composition, Diversity, and Distribution of the Genus Ulva along the Coast of Jeju Island, Korea Based on Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis, PloS one, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2019, pp. e0219958, https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0219958.
[31] V. A. Mantri, M. A. Kazi, N. B. Balar, V. Gupta, T. Gajaria, Concise Review of Green Algal Genus Ulva Linnaeus, Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 32, No. 5, 2020, pp. 2725-2741, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02148-7.