Effects of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of WO3 Materials for Tetracycline Degradation in Aqueous Environment under Visible Light
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the research, we successfully investigated effects of calcination temperature on the characteristics and photocatalytic activities of WO3 applying for degradation of antibiotics in aqueous environment under visible light. The crystal phases and optical properties of the synthesized WO3 nanoparticles were determined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and a photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic activities of the WO3 materials, which were calcinated at different temperatures, were studied via degradation of Tetracycline under visible light. Obtained results indicated that the orthorhombic phase was converted completely to monoclinic phase when the sample was calcinated at 500 oC. As compared to these WO3-300, WO3-400 and WO3-600 samples, the WO3-500 sample, which was calcinated at 500 oC, showed significant decrease in band gap energy and electron-hole recombination rate. Thus, the WO3-500 exhibited novel photocatalytic activity for Tetracycline degradation under visible light.
Keywords:
WO3, monoclinic phase, calcination temperature, photocatalytic, degradation antibiotic.
References
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[26] S. Mohammadi, M. Sohrabi, A. N. Golikand, A. Fakhri, Preparation and Characterization of Zinc and Copper Co-Doped WO3 Nanoparticles: Application in Photocatalysis and Photobiology, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Vol. 161, 2016, pp. 217-221.
[27] F. Mehmood, T. Jan, Q. Mansoo, Structural, Photoluminescence, Electrical, Anti Cancer and Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Characteristics of Co Doped WO3 Nanoplates, Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 93, 2017, pp. 78-89.
[28] G. Chen, S. Bian, C. Y. Guo, X. Wu, Insight into the Z-scheme Heterostructure WO3/g-C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange, Mater Lett, Vol. 236, 2019, pp. 596-599.
[29] M. Ismael, The Photocatalytic Performance of the ZnO/g-C3N4 Composite Photocatalyst Toward Degradation of Organic Pollutants and its Inactivity Toward Hydrogen Evolution: The Influence of Light Irradiation and Charge Transfer, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 739, 2019, pp. 136992.
[30] H. Jingyu, Y. Ran, L. Zhaohui, S. Yuanqiang, Q. Lingbo, A. N. Kani, In-Situ Growth of ZnO Globular on g-C3N4 to Fabrication Binary Heterojunctions and Their Photocatalytic Degradation Activity on Tetracyclines, Solid State Sciences, Vol. 92, 2019, pp. 60-67.
[31] T. Wang, W. Quan, D. Jiang, L. Chen, D. Li, S. Meng, M. Chen, Synthesis of Redox-Mediator-Free Direct Z-Scheme AgI/WO3 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Tetracycline with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 300, 2016, pp. 280-290.
[32] S. B. Rawal, H. J. Kang, D. I. Won, W. I. Lee, Novel ZnFe2O4/WO3, a Highly Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic System Operated by a Z-Scheme Mechanism, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 256, 2019, pp. 117856.
[33] J. Cao, B. Luo, H. Lin, B. Xu, S. Chen, Thermodecomposition Synthesis of WO3/H2WO4 Heterostructures with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 111, 2012, pp. 288-296.
[34] H. Zheng, J. Z. Ou, M. S. Strano, R. B. Kaner, A. Mitchell, K. K. Zadeh, Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide - Properties, Synthesis, and Applications, Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, 2011, pp. 2175-2196.
[35] A. Gurlo, Nanosensors: Towards Morphological Control of Gas Sensing Activity, SnO2, In2O3, ZnO and WO3 Case Studies, Nanoscale, Vol. 3, 2011, pp. 154-165.
[36] M. Jamali, F. S. Tehrani, Effect of Synthesis Route on the Structural and Morphological Properties of WO3 Nanostructures Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 107, 2020, pp. 104829.
[37] N. Saikumari, S. Monish Dev, S. Avinaash Dev, Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Properties and Applications of Bio Extract Mediated Titania Nano Particles, Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, 2021, pp. 1734.
[38] P. Shandilya, S. Sambyal, R. Sharma, P. Mandyal, B. Fang, Properties, Optimized Morphologies, and Advanced Strategies for Photocatalytic Applications of WO3 Based Photocatalysts, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 428, 2022, pp. 128218.
[39] Y. C. Liang, C. W. Chang, Preparation of Orthorhombic WO3 Thin Films and Their Crystal Quality-Dependent Dye Photodegradation Ability, Coatings, Vol. 9, 2019, pp. 90.
[40] J. Liqiang, Q. Yichun, W. Baiqi, L. Shudan, J. Baojiang, Y. Libin, F. Wei, F. Honggang, S. Jiazhong, Review of Photoluminescence Performance of Nano-sized Semiconductor Materials and its Relationships with Photocatalytic Activity, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, 2006, pp. 1773-1787.
[2] K. Kümmerer, Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment - A Review-part II., Chemosphere, Vol. 75, 2009, pp. 435-441.
[3] D. G. J. Larsson, Pollution from Drug Manufacturing: Review and Perspectives, Philos, Trans. R. Soc. B Boil. Sci., Vol. 369, 2014, pp. 20130571.
[4] R. Daghrir, P. Drogui, Tetracycline Antibiotics in the Environment: A Review, Environmentr4al Chemistry Letters, Vol. 11, 2013, pp. 209-227.
[5] D. G. J. Larsson, C. Pedro, N. Paxeus, Effluent from Drug Manufactures Contains Extremely High Levels of Pharmaceuticals, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 148, 2007, pp. 751-755.
[6] D. Hocquet, A. Muller, X. Bertrand, What Happens in Hospitals does not Stay in Hospitals: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Wastewater Systems, Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol. 93, 2016, pp. 395-402.
[7] N. Peak, C. W. Knapp, R. K. Yang, M. M. Hanfelt, M. S. Smith, D. S. Aga, D. W. Graham, Abundance of Six Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Wastewater Lagoons at Cattle Feedlots with Different Antibiotic use Strategies, Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 9, 2007, pp. 143-151.
[8] M. Barber, M. R. Dowzenko, Infection by Penicillin-Resistant Staphylococci, Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, 1948, pp. 641-642.
[9] S. C. Davies., T. Fowler, J. Watson, D. M. Livermore, D. Walker, Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer: Infection and the Rise of Antimicrobial resistance, Lancet, Vol. 381, 2013, pp. 1606-1609.
[10] A. S. Breathnach, M. D. Cubbon, R. N. Karunaharan, C. F. Pope, T. D. Planche, Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Outbreaks in Two Hospitals: Association with Contaminated Hospital Waste-water Systems, Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol. 82, 2012, pp. 19-24.
[11] Z. Li, J. Wang, J. Chang, B. Fu, H. Wang, Insight into Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics: Removal, Mechanism, and Influencing Factors, Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 857, 2023, pp. 159172.
[12] M. N. Pons, A. L. Frêche, A. Cortyl, J. V. Deik, M. Poret, O. Zahraa, Immobilized Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Reuse of Water Contaminated by Recalcitrant Organic Compounds: The Case of Antibiotics, Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse, Vol. 45, 2015, pp. 171-195.
[13] A. O. Oluwole, O. S. Olatunji, Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline in Aqueous Systems under Visible Light Irridiation using Needle-Like SnO2 Nanoparticles Anchored on Exfoliated g-C3N4, Environmental Sciences Europe, Vol. 34, 2022, pp. 2363.
[14] X. Cui, Y. Gong, Y. Liu, H. Yu, M. Huo, W. Qin, Synthesis of a Z-scheme Ternary Photocatalyst (Ta3N5/Ag3PO4/AgBr) for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline under Visible Light, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 170, 2022, pp. 110962.
[15] X. N. Song, C. Y. Wang, W. K. Wang, X. Zhang, N. N. Hou, H. Q. Yu, A Dissolution-Regeneration Route to Synthesize Blue Tungsten Oxide Flowers and Their Applications in Photocatalysis and Gas Sensing, Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 3, 2016, pp. 1500417.
[16] G. R. Bamwenda, H. Arakawa, The Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Activity of Tungsten Trioxide Powders, Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 210, 2001, pp. 181-191.
[17] M. Kang, J. Liang, F. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Lu, J. Zhang, Structural Design of Hexagonal/Monoclinic WO3 Phase Junction for Photocatalytic Degradation, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 121, 2020, pp. 110614.
[18] D. B. H. Uresti, D. S. Martínez, A. M. Cruz, S. S. Guzmán, L. M. T. Martínez, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Hexagonal and Monoclinic WO3 Prepared via Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis, Ceramics International, Vol. 40, 2014, pp. 4767-4775.
[19] A. Rey, E. Mena, A. M. Chávez, F. J. Beltrán, F. Medina, Influence of Structural Properties on the Activity of WO3 Catalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Ozonation, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 126, 2015, pp. 80-90.
[20] H. Zhang, J. Yang, D. Li, W. Guo, Q. Qin, L. Zhu, W. Zheng, Template-Free Facile Preparation of Monoclinic WO3 Nanoplates and Their High Photocatalytic Activities, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 305, 2014, pp. 274-280.
[21] A. Yazdanbakhsh, A. Eslami, M. Massoudinejad, M. Avazpour, Enhanced Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole Antibiotic from Aqueous Solution using Mn-WO3/LED Photocatalytic Process: Kinetic, Mechanism, Degradation Pathway and Toxicity Reduction, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 380, 2020, pp. 122497.
[22] X. Li, C. Huang, Hydrothermal Synthesis of V-Doped Hexagonal WO3 Microspheres Comprising of Nanoblocks for Catalytic Ammoxidation of Dichlorotoluene, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 516, 2021, pp. 120173.
[23] M. Matalkeh, F. M. Shurrab, E. S. A. Absi, W. Mohammed, A. Elzatahry, K. M. Saouda, Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Ag/WO3 Nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Activity Under Ambient Light and in The Dark, Results in Engineering, Vol. 13, 2022, pp. 100313.
[24] H. Gao, L. Zhu, X. Peng, X. Zhou, M. Qiu, Fe-doped WO3 Nanoplates with Excellent Bifunctional Performances: Gas Sensing and Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 592, 2022, pp. 153310.
[25] F. Mehmood, J. Iqbal, M. Ismail, A. Mehmood, Ni Doped WO3 Nanoplates: An Excellent Photocatalyst and Novel Nanomaterial for Enhanced Anticancer Activities, Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 746, 2018, pp. 729-738.
[26] S. Mohammadi, M. Sohrabi, A. N. Golikand, A. Fakhri, Preparation and Characterization of Zinc and Copper Co-Doped WO3 Nanoparticles: Application in Photocatalysis and Photobiology, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Vol. 161, 2016, pp. 217-221.
[27] F. Mehmood, T. Jan, Q. Mansoo, Structural, Photoluminescence, Electrical, Anti Cancer and Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Characteristics of Co Doped WO3 Nanoplates, Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 93, 2017, pp. 78-89.
[28] G. Chen, S. Bian, C. Y. Guo, X. Wu, Insight into the Z-scheme Heterostructure WO3/g-C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange, Mater Lett, Vol. 236, 2019, pp. 596-599.
[29] M. Ismael, The Photocatalytic Performance of the ZnO/g-C3N4 Composite Photocatalyst Toward Degradation of Organic Pollutants and its Inactivity Toward Hydrogen Evolution: The Influence of Light Irradiation and Charge Transfer, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 739, 2019, pp. 136992.
[30] H. Jingyu, Y. Ran, L. Zhaohui, S. Yuanqiang, Q. Lingbo, A. N. Kani, In-Situ Growth of ZnO Globular on g-C3N4 to Fabrication Binary Heterojunctions and Their Photocatalytic Degradation Activity on Tetracyclines, Solid State Sciences, Vol. 92, 2019, pp. 60-67.
[31] T. Wang, W. Quan, D. Jiang, L. Chen, D. Li, S. Meng, M. Chen, Synthesis of Redox-Mediator-Free Direct Z-Scheme AgI/WO3 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Tetracycline with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 300, 2016, pp. 280-290.
[32] S. B. Rawal, H. J. Kang, D. I. Won, W. I. Lee, Novel ZnFe2O4/WO3, a Highly Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic System Operated by a Z-Scheme Mechanism, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 256, 2019, pp. 117856.
[33] J. Cao, B. Luo, H. Lin, B. Xu, S. Chen, Thermodecomposition Synthesis of WO3/H2WO4 Heterostructures with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 111, 2012, pp. 288-296.
[34] H. Zheng, J. Z. Ou, M. S. Strano, R. B. Kaner, A. Mitchell, K. K. Zadeh, Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide - Properties, Synthesis, and Applications, Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, 2011, pp. 2175-2196.
[35] A. Gurlo, Nanosensors: Towards Morphological Control of Gas Sensing Activity, SnO2, In2O3, ZnO and WO3 Case Studies, Nanoscale, Vol. 3, 2011, pp. 154-165.
[36] M. Jamali, F. S. Tehrani, Effect of Synthesis Route on the Structural and Morphological Properties of WO3 Nanostructures Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 107, 2020, pp. 104829.
[37] N. Saikumari, S. Monish Dev, S. Avinaash Dev, Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Properties and Applications of Bio Extract Mediated Titania Nano Particles, Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, 2021, pp. 1734.
[38] P. Shandilya, S. Sambyal, R. Sharma, P. Mandyal, B. Fang, Properties, Optimized Morphologies, and Advanced Strategies for Photocatalytic Applications of WO3 Based Photocatalysts, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 428, 2022, pp. 128218.
[39] Y. C. Liang, C. W. Chang, Preparation of Orthorhombic WO3 Thin Films and Their Crystal Quality-Dependent Dye Photodegradation Ability, Coatings, Vol. 9, 2019, pp. 90.
[40] J. Liqiang, Q. Yichun, W. Baiqi, L. Shudan, J. Baojiang, Y. Libin, F. Wei, F. Honggang, S. Jiazhong, Review of Photoluminescence Performance of Nano-sized Semiconductor Materials and its Relationships with Photocatalytic Activity, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, 2006, pp. 1773-1787.