Synthesis of Photocatalyst Based on WO3 Applying for the Treatment of Tetracycline Antibiotics
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this paper, WO3/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method at different mole ratios of WO3/g-C3N4. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) results indicated that WO3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with the WO3/g-C3N4 mole ratio of 1/1 (WC-1) showed visible light absorption ability and prevented electron-hole recombination rate better than WO3, g-C3N4 and other composites. The photocatalytic activities of synthesized photocatalysts were investigated by the photocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics under visible light. The degradation efficiency of TC in aqueous environment by the WC-1 was 79.35% after 180 minutes. This value was higher than those of other materials. The improvement in photocatalytic property of the WO3/g-C3N4 was due to the efficient generation of electrons and holes.
Keywords:
WO3, g-C3N4, visible light, photocatalytic activity, antibiotics, tetracycline.
References
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[3] H. Tekin, O. Bilkay, S. S. Ataberk, T. H. Balta, I. H. Ceribasi, F. D. Sanin, Use of Fenton Oxidation to Improve the Biodegradability of a Pharmaceutical Wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 136, 2006, pp. 258-265.
[4] J. A. Melero, G. Calleja, F. Martinez, R. Molina, M. I. Pariente, Nanocomposite Fe2O3/SBA-15: An Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Catalytic Wet Peroxidation of Phenolic Aqueous Solutions, Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 131, 2007, pp. 245-256.
[5] Z. Yang, C. Deng, Y. Ding, H. Luo, J. Yin, Y. Jiang, P. Zhang, Y. Jiang, Eco-friendly and Effective Strategy to Synthesize ZnO/Ag2O Heterostructureas and its Excellent Photocatalytic Property under Visible Light, J. Solid. State. Chem., Vol. 268, 2018, pp. 83-93.
[6] V. X Doorslaer, P. M. Heynderickx, K. Demeestere, K. Debevere, V. H. Langenhove, J. Dewulf, TiO2 Mediated Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Moxifloxacin: Operational Variables and Scavenger Study, Appl. Catal. B., Vol. 111, No. 112, 2012, pp. 150-156.
[7] J. Zhang, Z. Ma, Ag3VO4/AgI Composites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes and Tetracycline Hydrochloride under Visible Light, Mater. Lett., Vol. 216, 2018, pp. 216-219.
[8] F. Liang, Y. Liu, W. Luo, J. Wang, W. Yao, Y. Zhu, Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Phenol-containing Wastewater by TiO2/g-C3N4 Hybrid Heterostructurea thin Film, Appl. Catal. B Environ., Vol. 201, 2017, pp. 600-606.
[9] M. F. RidhwanSamsudin, S. Sufian, B. H. Hameed, Epigrammatic Progress and Perspective on the Photocatalytic Properties of BiVO4-based Photocatalyst in Photocatalytic Water Treatment Technology: A review, J. Mol. Liq., Vol. 268, 2018, pp. 438-459.
[10] S. Yuan, Q. Zhang, B. Xu, S. Liu, J. Wang, J. Xie, M. Zhang, T. Ohno, A New Precursor to Synthesize g-C3N4 with Superior Visible Light Absorption for Photocatalytic Application, Catal. Sci. Technol., Vol. 7, No. 9, 2017, pp. 1826-1830.
[11] S. Yan, Z. Li and Z. Zou, Photodegradation Performance of g-C3N4 Fabricated by Directly Heating Melaminee, Langmuir, Vol. 25, 2009, pp. 10397-10401.
[12] Y. Wang, X. Wang, M. Antonietti, Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol 51, 2012, pp. 68-89.
[13] J. Singh, A. Arora, S. Basu, Synthesis of Coral Like WO3/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites for the Removal of Hazardous Dyes under Visible Light, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 808, 2019, pp. 151734.
[14] P. S. Kolhe, P. S. Shirke, N. Maiti, M. A. More, K. M. Sonawane, Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of WO3 Nanoconifer thin Film: Multifunctional Behavior for Gas Sensing and Field Emission Applications, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Vol. 29, 2018, pp. 41-48.
[15] M. Yan, Y. Wub, F. Zhub, Y. Huaa, W. Shib, Fabrication of a Novel Ag3VO4/WO3 Heterojunction with Enhanced Visible Light Efficiency in Photocatalytic Degradation of TC, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2016, pp. 3308-3315.
[16] N. T. P. L. Chi, P. T. Dong, N. M. Phuong, N. V. Noi, B. T. T. Truc, C. V. Hoang, N. T. Trung, N. T. D. Cam, Synthesis, Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity of Organic Semiconductor g-C3N4 under Visible Light, Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2020.
[17] V. S. Manikandan, S. Harish, J. Archana, M. Navaneethan, Fabrication of Novel Hybrid
Z-Scheme WO3@g-C3N4@MWCNT Nanostructure for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline and the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Chemosphere, Vol. 287, 2022, pp. 132050.
[18] L. Ma, J. Xu, L. Li, M. Mao, S. Zhao, Hydrothermal Synthesis of WO3/CoS2 n-n Heterojunction for Z-scheme Photocatalytic H2 Evolution, New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 44, 2020, pp. 18326-18336.
[19] T. Jeyapaul1, K. Prakash, S. Harikengaram, A. Chellamani, V. Selvam1, Synthesis of WO3 Nanorods and their Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants, J. Chem, Vol. 11, 2018, pp. 1405-1414.
[20] S. Kumar, T. Surendar, B. Kumar, A. Baruah, V. Shanker, Synthesis of Highly Efficient and Recyclable Visible-light Responsive Mesoporous g-C3N4 Photocatalyst Via Facile Template-free Sonochemical Route, RSC Advances, Vol. 4, No. 16, 2014, pp. 8132-8138.