Preparation of Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem as a Adsorbent of Antibiotics Pollutants in Water
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this research was to prepare activated carbon from cassava stem by chemical activation method using potassium hydroxide as activating agent with different pyrolysis temperatures (500, 600, 700 và 800 oC). All activated carbon samples (AC) provide the higher specific surface area than the non-activated carbon sample. The activated carbon (AC-7) sample prepared at 700 oC with the maximum specific surface area of 1643 m2/g and pore volume of 1.0293 cm3/g. The obtained activated carbon was used in the removal of tetracycline (TC) in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of AC-7 for TC reachered 357,14 mg/g. This value was higher other materials, the improved adsorption capacity of AC-7 could be explained the presence of mesopores with high specific surface area after KOH activation could be significantly improved the adsorption performance of the activated carbon materials. The result show the potential of AC in removing polluted antibiotics.
Keywords:
Activated carbon, cassava stem, potassium hydroxide, adsorption, tetracycline.
References
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[3] B.H. Beakou, K. El Hassani, M.A. Houssaini, M. Belbahloul, E. Oukani, A. Anouar, Novel activated carbon from Manihot esculenta Crantz for removal of methylene blue, Sustain Environ Res, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2017, 215–222.
[4] T.E. Amakoromo, O.E. Abumere, J.A. Amusan, V. Anye, A. Bello, Porous Carbon from Manihot Esculenta (Cassava) Peels Waste for Charge Storage Applications, Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem., Vol. 4, 2021, pp. 100098.
[5] N. S. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, M. H. Mohamad Amini, M. Danish, & O. Sulaiman, Optimization of activated carbon preparation from cassava stem using response surface methodology on surface area and yield, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 198, 2018, pp. 1422–1430.
[6] A.P. Chandrasekaran, S. Sivamani, & V. Ranjithkumar, Characterization of combined organic–inorganic acid-pretreated cassava stem, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2017, pp. 1291–1296.
[7] A. E. Ismanto, S. Wang, F. E. Soetaredjo, & S. Ismadji, Preparation of capacitor’s electrode from cassava peel waste. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, No. 10, 2010, pp. 3534–3540.
[8] S. Mopoung, P. Moonsri, W. Palas, & Khumpai, S., Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution, The Scientific World Journal, Vol. 2015, 2015, pp. 1–9.
[9] A. H. Jawad, S. Sabar, M.A.M. Ishak, L. D. Wilson, S. S. Ahmad Norrahma, M. K. Talari, A. M. Farhan, Microwave-assisted preparation of mesoporous-activated carbon from coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaf by H3PO4 activation for methylene blue adsorption, Chem. Eng. Commun., Vol. 204, No. 10, 2017, pp. 1143e1156.
[10] S. S. Lam, R. K. Liew, Y. M. Wong, P. N. Y. Yek, L. N. Ma, C. L. Lee, & H. A. Chase, Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with chemical activation, an innovative method to convert orange peel into activated carbon with improved properties as dye adsorbent, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 162, 2017, pp. 1376–1387.
[11] Kouakou Yao Urbain, Karidioula Daouda, Zran Vanh Eric-Simon, Trokourey Albert, Yao Kouassi Benjamin, Drogui Patrick, Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Activated Carbons Based on the Shells of Ricinodendron heudoltii, Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Vol.10, No.10, 2022.
[12] Suphawi Chaisit, Narong Chanlek, Jessada Khajonrit, Thongsuk Sichumsaeng and Santi Maensiri, Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical properties of KOH-activated carbon from cassava root, Mater. Res. Express, Vol. 7, 2020, pp. 105605.
[13] Liu, X.-Y., Huang, M., Ma, H.-L., Zhang, Z.-Q., Gao, J.-M., Zhu, Y.-L., … Guo, X.-Y. (2010). Preparation of a Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalyst by Sulfonating Activated Carbon in a Chemical Reduction Process. Molecules, 15(10), 7188- 7196.
[14] Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman, Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini, Mohammed Danish, Othman Sulaiman, Rokiah Hashim, Samet Demirel and Gaye Kose Demirel, Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem, Materials, Vol. 15, 2022, pp. 5117.
[15] M. Molina-Sabio & F. Rodrı́guez-Reinoso, Role of chemical activation in the development of carbon porosity, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 241, 2004, pp. 15–25.
[16] T. W. Weber and P. Chakkravorti, Pore and Diffusion Models for Fixed-bed Adsorbers, AIChE J, Vol. 20, 1974, pp. 228.