Analysis and Evaluation of Tar and Nicotin Content in some Cigarette Products of Vietnam in 2023
Main Article Content
Abstract
Tobacco is one of the biggest public health threats facing the world in general and Vietnam in particular. More than 8 million people around the world die from tobacco-related diseases. There are about 70 carcinogens in cigarettes, in addition to addictive, cytotoxic, mutagenic active ingredients,... Among them, Tar and Nicotin are the biggest dangers affecting people health in cigarette smoke. In the study, analysis of Tar and Nicotin content in 166 cigarette samples taken from 10 cigarette manufacturing companies in Vietnam was performed. Analytical results show that Tar content ranges from 1.67 to 15.1 mg/cigarette; Nicotin content ranges from 0.37 to 1.35 mg/cigarette. These results are all lower than the maximum allowable limit according to QCVN 16-1:2015/BYT, but there are some samples with Tar and Nicotin content close to the asymptotic level. This analysis result is also consistent with reports of Tobacco Institute Company Limited in recent years. Although the Tar and Nicotin contents in the samples do not exceed the maximum limit according to QCVN, they are much higher than other countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to propose appropriate routes to reduce Tar and Nicotin to ensure the health of users.
Keywords:
Cigarettes, Tar, Nicotin.
References
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[2] T. Kasai, Regional Action Plan for Tobacco Control in the Western Pacific (2020-2030), World Health Organization, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
[3] U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What it Means to You, Atlanta, Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Smoking and Health, 2010.
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[16] Public Health, Cap. 371 Smoking Ordinance, Hong Kong, 2023.
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[23] Vietnamese Standards, TCVN 6684:2008: Cigarettes - Sampling, 2008 (in Vietnamese).
[24] Vietnamese Standards, TCVN 5078:2001: Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[25] Vietnamese Standard, TCVN 6680:2008 (ISO 4387:2000): Cigarettes - Determination of Total and Nicotine-Free Dry Particulate Matter using a Routine Analytical Smoking Machine, 2008 (in Vietnamese).
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[27] Vietnamese Standard, TCVN 6679:2022 (ISO 10315:2021): Cigarettes - Determination of Nicotine in Total Particulate Matter from the Mainstream Smoke - Gas Chromatographic Method, 2022 (in Vietnamese).
[28] Ministry of Health, QCVN 16-1:2015/BYT National Technical Regulations for Cigarettes, 2015 (in Vietnamese).
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[3] U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What it Means to You, Atlanta, Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Smoking and Health, 2010.
[4] Vietnam Steering Committee on Smoking and Health (VINACOSH), Solutions to Strengthen Measures to Prevent Tobacco use in Adolescents, Scientific Conference Sharing Research Results on Tobacco Harm Prevention, 2021 (in Vietnamese).
[5] European Union, Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the Approximation of the Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Concerning the Manufacture, Presentation and Sale of Tobacco and Related Products and Repealing Directive 2001/37/EC, Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 127, 2014, pp. 1-38.
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[7] Ministry of Health and Welfare, Regulations for the Testing of Yields of Nicotin and Tar Contained in Tobacco Products and the Labeling of Cigarette Containers, Health and Welfare Department, 2019.
[8] Federal Government Gazette, Control of Tobacco Product, Attorney General’s Chambers, 2013.
[9] National Health Surveillance Agency Brazil, Solution RDC No. 14 Establishes Maximum Levels of Tar, Nicotin and Carbon Monoxide in Cigarettes and Restrictions on the use of Additives in all Tobacco Products, and Gives other Provisions, Diário Oficial da União, 2012.
[10] Ministry of Health, No. S.479 Tobacco Regulations, Singapore, 2010.
[11] Timor-Leste, Decree-Law No. 14/2012, Parlamento Nacional, 2012.
[12] Darussalam, Article 83(3) Tobacco Order, Constitution of Brunei Darussalam, 2015.
[13] Union of the Comoros Ministry of Health, Administrative Order No. 13 – 012/MSSCPG/CAB, Malacana Place, 2011.
[14] Ministry of Health and Housing, Resolution No. 443 Protection from the Harm Caused by Smoking, Egyptian Event, 2007.
[15] Ministry of Health, Circular 23/2015/TT-BYT on Promulgation of National Technical Regulation for Cigarette, 2015 (in Vietnamese).
[16] Public Health, Cap. 371 Smoking Ordinance, Hong Kong, 2023.
[17] Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, Report No. 59/BC-VTL: Results of Testing Tar & Nicotine Content in Cigarettes in 2020, Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
[18] Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, Report No. 07/BC-VTL: Results of testing Tar & Nicotine Content in Cigarettes in 2021, Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, 2022 (in Vietnamese).
[19] Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, Report No. 414/BC-VTL: Results of testing Tar & Nicotine Content in Cigarettes in 2022, Tobacco Institute One Member Limited Liability Company, 2022 (in Vietnamese).
[20] E. Carmines, I. G. Gillman, Comparison of the Yeild of very Low Nicotin Content Cigarettes to the Top 100 United States Brand Styles, Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, Vol. 28, No. 6, 2019, pp. 253-266.
[21] A. M. Calafat, G. M. Polzin, J. Saylor, P. Richter, D. L. Ashley, C. H. Watson, Determination of Tar, Nicotin and Carbon Monoxit Yeilds in the Mainstream Smoke of Selected International Cigarettes, Tobacco Control, Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2004, pp. 45-51.
[22] Government Laboratory, Tar and Nicotin Report, https://www.govtlab.gov.hk/en/our_work/publications/tar_and_Nicotin_report.html/, (accessed on: October 12th, 2023).
[23] Vietnamese Standards, TCVN 6684:2008: Cigarettes - Sampling, 2008 (in Vietnamese).
[24] Vietnamese Standards, TCVN 5078:2001: Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[25] Vietnamese Standard, TCVN 6680:2008 (ISO 4387:2000): Cigarettes - Determination of Total and Nicotine-Free Dry Particulate Matter using a Routine Analytical Smoking Machine, 2008 (in Vietnamese).
[26] Vietnamese Standard, TCVN 6936-1:2001 (ISO 10362-1:1999) Cigarettes – Determination of Water in Smoke Condensates - Part 1: Gas-chromatographic Method, 2001 (in Vietnamese).
[27] Vietnamese Standard, TCVN 6679:2022 (ISO 10315:2021): Cigarettes - Determination of Nicotine in Total Particulate Matter from the Mainstream Smoke - Gas Chromatographic Method, 2022 (in Vietnamese).
[28] Ministry of Health, QCVN 16-1:2015/BYT National Technical Regulations for Cigarettes, 2015 (in Vietnamese).