Green Synthesis of ZnO-AgNPs-CPE using Male Carica papaya Flower Extract for Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities
Main Article Content
Abstract
Recently, bimetallic nanoparticles, formed through the integration of two different metals, exhibit superior biological activity compared to monometallic nanoparticles due to synergistic effects and diverse mechanisms of action. In this study, nano Ag doped zinc oxide were synthesized using the ethanol extract of male Carica papaya flower (ZnO-AgNPs-CPE). The characteristics of the materials were determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX methods. ZnO-AgNPs-CPE are crystalline in nature, highly pure, stabilized by organic compounds present in the extract, thin spherical layers in the shape, and contain mainly Zn, Ag, and O components. The material shows strong antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the material also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 54.4 μg/mL. The results indicate that ZnO-AgNPs can be synthesized using Carica papaya flower extract for effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.
Keywords:
ZnO-AgNPs-CPE, male Carica papaya flower, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.
References
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Core–Shell (Au–Ag) and Hybrid (Au–ZnO and Ag–ZnO) Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Potential Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antiglycation and Anticancer Activities, RSC Advance, Vol. 12, 2022, pp. 23845-23859.
[2] S. S. Emmanuel, A. A. Adesibikan, O. D. Saliu, E.A. Opatola, Greenly Biosynthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Ecofriendly Degradation of Notorious Dye Pollutants: A review, Plant Nano Biology, Vol. 3, 2023, pp. 1-19.
[3] S. N. Shareef, K. S. Bhavani, T. Anusha, P. Priyanka, M. S. Rao, Eco‐friendly Green Synthesis of Ag@ Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Their Structural, Morphological and Electrochemical Characterizations, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 61, 2023, pp. 220-226.
[4] P. Suresh, A. Doss, R. P. Pole, M. Devika, Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Bimetallic (Ag-ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Capparis zeylanica Leaf Extract, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2023, pp. 1-9.
[5] A. Behera, B. Mittu, S. Padhi, N. Patra, J. Singh, Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Green synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives, Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agri-food and Ecosystems, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 639-682.
[6] A. H. Hashem, G. S. E. Sayyad, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Biosynthesized Bimetallic Silver-zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (Ag-ZnO NPs) Using Pomegranate Peel Extract, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2023, pp. 1-13.
[7] P. Suresh, A. Doss, G. A. Selvi, T. K. P. Rani, Antibiofilm, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Biofabricated Bimetallic (Ag-ZnO) Nanoparticles from Elephantopus scaber L, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2023, pp. 1-11.
[8] S. S. Wagh, V. S. Kadam, C. V. Jagtap, D. B. Salunkhe, R. S. Patil, H. M. Pathan, S. P. Patole, Comparative Studies on Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag Doped ZnO Nanoparticles, ACS omega, Vol. 8, 2023, pp. 7779-7790.
[9] D. Bamal, A. Singh, G. Chaudhary, M. Kumar, M. Singh, N. Rani, P. Mundlia, A.R. Sehrawat, Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, Applications, Cytotoxicity and Safety issues: An Updated Review, Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, 2021, pp. 2086.
[10] M. S. Mthana, M. N. Mthiyane, A. C. Ekennia, M. Singh, D. C. Onwudiwe, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Effects of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared Using Fruit Extract of Capsicum Chinense, Scientific African, Vol. 17, 2022, pp. e01365.
[11] Z. Khanjari, E. Chamani, K. Heydaryan, Z. M. Mizwari, F. Salmani, A. R. Farimani, M. S. Aliabad, Z. Kiani, P. Mohammadparast-Tabas, S. Mortazavi-Derazkola, Unlocking the therapeutic potential: Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide/silver Nanoparticles from Sophora pachycarpa for Anticancer Activity, Gene Expression Analysis, and Antibacterial Applications, Materials Today Communications, Vol. 39, 2024, pp. 109214.
[12] Z. Kiani, H. Aramjoo, P. Mohammadparast, F. Bahraini, A. Yousefinia, P. Nguyen, M. Fattahi, S. Mortazavi-Derazkola, Green Synthesis of LAE@ ZnO/Ag Nanoparticles: Unlocking the Multifaceted Potential for Biomedical and Environmental Applications, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 11, 2023, pp. 111045.
[13] A. B. Wadekar, M. G. Nimbalwar, W. A. Panchale, B. R. Gudalwar, J. V. Manwar, R. L. Bakal, Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of Carica papaya, an Review, GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 14, 2021, pp. 234-248.
[14] M. K. Dwivedi, S. Sonter, S. Mishra, D. K. Patel, P. K. Singh, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity, and Phytochemical Characterization of Carica papaya Flowers, Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, 2020, pp. 1-11.
[15] P. L. T. My, T. V. Luc, T. D. Dat, V. H. Thanh, H. K. Duy, M. T. Phong, H. M. Nam, N. H. Hieu, Optimization of Flavonoids Extraction from Vietnamese Male Papaya (Carica papaya, L.) Flowers by Ultrasound‐asissted Method and Testing Bioactivities of the Extract, ChemistrySelect, Vol. 5, 2020, pp. 13407-13416.
[16] D. T. T. Thao, D. D. Phuc, D. N. H Vu, Antibacterial Ability of Green Synthesis ZnO NPs Using Male Papaya Leaf and Flower Extracts TNU Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 228, 2023, pp. 69-77 (in Vietnamese).
[17] N. T. T. Ha, P. Van Cuong, L. T. T. Anh, N. T. Tra, B. T. Cham, N. T. Son, Antimicrobacterial Xanthones from Garcinia mackeaniana Leaves, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 58, 2020, pp. 343-348.
[18] P. M. Perillo, M. N. Atia, D. F. Rodríguez, Studies on the Growth Control of ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by the Chemical Method, Matéria (Rio De Janeiro), Vol. 23, 2018, pp. 12133.
[19] B. Syed, N. Prasad, B. Dhananjaya, S. Yallappa, S. Satish, Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Endosymbiont Pseudomonas Fluorescens CA 417 and their Bactericidal Activity, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 95, 2016, pp. 128-136.
[20] D. T. T. Van, D. H. Cuong, G. T. K. Lien, P. H. Yen, Phytochemical Study of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Male Carica papaya Flowers from Quang Nam-Da Nang, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 58, 2020, pp. 145-150.
[21] S. M. Salim, R. Izriq, M. M. Almaky, A. A. A. Abbassi, Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles for the Production of Biodiesel by Transesterification: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Fuel, Vol. 321, 2022, pp. 124135.
M. S. Khan, P. P. Dhavan, B. L. Jadhav, N. G. Shimpi, Ultrasound‐assisted Green Synthesis of Ag‐decorated ZnO Nanoparticles Using Excoecaria agallocha Leaf Extract and Evaluation of their Photocatalytic and Biological Activity, Chemistry select, Vol. 5, 2020, pp. 12660-12671.