Bactericidal Effect against Helicobacter pylori and Chemical Profile of Booth Avocado Leaves Collected in Dak Lak Province
Main Article Content
Abstract
Avocado is one of the most popular fruits in Vietnam, however, there are limited national publications concerning to bioactive compounds extracted from avocado leaves. Meanwhile, annually, after harvesting avocado fruits, a huge of leaves are cut off to prepare for the next season’s fruit production. This is an extremely abundant and unexploited material. Besides, according to the literatures, avocado leaf extracts contained a high amount of secondary metabolites, especially anthocyanin and mono-aromatic phenolic acid compounds, therefore, their bioactivities are diverse. For instance, the extracts could resist several kinds of bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori, Micrococcus pyogenes var aureus, Escherichia coli, Burallus subritis. In the present study, the Booth avocado leaf extraction by distilled water, ethanol and hexane was conducted. The extracts were examined for the capacity of H. pylori resistance. H. pylori is one of the dangerous bacterial species which could cause stomach ulcers. The results showed that hexane extracts had the highest ability of H. pylori resistance. The MIC was 71.5 mg/ml. According to gas chromatography mass spectra (GC/MS), the first structural analysis of the extract was proposed as apigenin with fragment ions m/e 270, 173, 145, 121, 105, and 94. The amount of apigenin was defined for the concentration range 0.02–0.1 mg/mL. The results gave a potential application of Booth avocado leaf to resist H. pylori and it could be used as a material for products to support stomach ulcers caused by H. pylori.
Keywords:
Avocado leaf, Helicobacter pylori, leaf extract, stomach ulcer.
References
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[2] B. V. Hung, N. A. Ha, H. H. Cuong, Short Supply Chain of Agricultural Products in Dak Lak: New Trend in Sustainable Agricultural Development, Journal of Vietnam Social Sciences, Vol. 5, 2021, pp. 3-16 (in Vietnamese).
[3] D. V. Tuyen, B. T. M. Nguyet, L. N. Khang, T. Q Bao, Actual Status of Agricultural Production on Forest Land in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, Vietnam Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vol. 13, 2019 (in Vietnamese).
[4] T. T. Mai, N. D. Manh, Sustainable Agricultural Development in Dak Lak Province, Journal of State Management, 2024, https://www.quanlynhanuoc.vn/2024/12/19/phat-trien-nong-nghiep-theo-huong-ben-vung-tai-tinh-dak-lak/2024 (accessed on: December 19th, 2024) (in Vietnamese).
[5] A. M. Abd Elkader, S. Labib, T. F. Taha, F. Althobaiti, A. Aldhahrani, H. M. Salem, A. Saad, F. M. Ibrahim, Phytogenic Compounds from Avocado (Persea americana L.) Extracts; Antioxidant Activity, Amylase Inhibitory Activity, Therapeutic Potential of Type 2 Diabetes, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2022, pp. 1428-1433.
[6] B. I. C. Brai, J. A. Falode, R. A. Adisa, A. A. Odetola, Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Avocado (Persea americana) on Total Cholesterol, Triacylglycerols, Protein and Haematological Parameters in CCl 4-intoxicated Rats, Clinical Phytoscience, Vol. 6, 2020, pp. 1-6.
[7] J. A. Mashi, M. K. Atiku, D. Shehu et al., Research Article Comparative Study of Different Solvents Extract of Persea americana Leaf on Alloxan Induced Hyperglycemic Rats, Asian Journal of Biology Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2019, pp. 67-72.
[8] C. C. López, B. Hernández et al., Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Purified Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Seven Mexican Persea americana Cultivars, Molecules, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2019, p.173.
[9] T. V. L. Nguyen, Q. D. Nguyen, N. N. Nguyen, T. T. D. Nguyen, Comparison of Phytochemical Contents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Various Solvent Extracts Obtained from “maluma” Avocado Pulp Powder, Molecules, Vol. 26, No. 24, 2021, pp. 7693.
[10] N. Nasri, D. Satria, V. E. Kaban, C. G. Tania, H. D. Syahputra, Z. Rani, Antibacterial Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Against Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, Trends in Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 7, 2024, pp. 7821-7821.
[11] A. O. Ogundare, B. O. Oladejo, Antibacterial Activities of the Leaf and Bark Extract of Persea americana, American Journal of Ethnomedicine, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2014, pp. 064-071.
[12] T. Ando, Y. Goto, O. Maeda, O. Watanabe, K. Ishiguro, H. Goto, Causal Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Cancer, World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2006, pp. 181.
[13] T. T. T. Do, T. V. Pham, H. T. Nguyen, V. H. Pham, T. T. T. Nguyen, T. L. H. Pham, B. Y. Pham, Evaluation of Inhibitory Effects of Vietnamese Medicinal Plant Extracts on Helicobacter pylori, Journal of Science Technology Vietnam, Vol. 60, No. 7, 2018, pp. 23-27 (in Vietnamese).
[14] N. T. K. Cuc, T. T. Hong, P. T. T. Hoai, P. V. Cuong, Isolation of Antagonistic Microorganism Against some Plant Fungal Pathogens and Evaluation of Their Activity in Vitro and in Vivo, Journal of Science and Technology, VAST,
Vol. 52, No. 4, 2014, pp. 419-430 (in Vietnamese).
[15] A. Cvetanović, J. Š. Gajić, U. Gašić, Ž. Tešić, G. Zengin, Z. Zeković, S. Durović, Isolation of Apigenin from Subcritical Water Extracts: Optimization of the Process, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 120, 2017, pp. 32-42.
[16] L. T. N. Cong, A. Mikolasch, S. Awe, H. Sheikhany, H. P. Klenk, F. Schauer, Oxidation of Aliphatic, Branched Chain, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Isolated from Oil‐polluted Sand Samples Collected in the Saudi Arabian Desert, Journal of Basic Microbiology, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2010, pp. 241-253.
[17] T. D. De Boer, H. J. Backer, Diazonethane, Organic Synthesis, Vol. 36, 1956, pp. 14-16.
[18] B. R. Athaydes, C. Tosta, R. Z. Carminati, R. M. Kuster, R. R. Kitagawa, R. D. C. R. Gonçalves, Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seeds Compounds Affect Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells Growth, Journal of Functional Foods, Vol. 99, 2022, pp. 105352.
[19] I. Wijaya, The Potential of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill) as Antibacterial, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2020, pp. 695-701.
[20] M. Yasir, S. Das, M. D. Kharya, The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Persea americana Mill, Pharmacognosy Reviews, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2010, pp. 77.
[21] M. Zamani, F. Ebrahimtabar, V. Zamani, W. H. Miller, R. A. Navaei, J. S. Shirvani, M. H. Derakhshan, Systematic Review with Meta‐analysis: The Worldwide Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 47, No. 7, 2018, pp. 868-876.
[22] Z. Zulharmita, H. Rivai, L. A. Hasni, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Content of Chemical Compounds from Extracts of Hexane, Acetone, Ethanol, and Water from Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill), World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2019, pp. 149-167.
[23] N. V. Toai, Initial Research on the Effect of Killing Helicobacter pylori with the Total Active Ingredient of Betel Leaves in Experiments and in Chronic Gastritis, Doctoral Thesis, 2003 (in Vietnamese).
[24] E. M. Tomou, P. Papakyriakopoulou, H. Skaltsa, G. Valsami, N. P. Kadoglou, Bio-actives from Natural Products with Potential Cardioprotective Properties: Isolation, Identification, and Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Quercetin, and Silibinin, Molecules, Vol. 28, No. 5, 2023, pp. 2387.
[25] M. A. Owolabi, H. A. B. Coker, S. I. Jaja, Bioactivity of the Phytoconstituents of the Leaves of Persea americana, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Vol. 4, No. 12, 2010, pp. 1130-1135.
[26] B. Li, D. H. Robinson, D. F. Birt, Evaluation of Properties of Apigenin and [G-3H] Apigenin and Analytic Method Development, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 86, No. 6, 1997, pp. 721-725.