Implementing Circular Economy: International Experience and Policy Implications for Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
In recent years, the transition from traditional Linear Economy to Circular Economy has become a global trend. However, the implementation of each country may vary, with specific priorities. This paper aims at analyzing the concept of Circular Economy and some international experience of implementing Circular Economy. Accordingly, the Circular Economy is not a homogeneous model for the whole economy, but it includes plenty of different models built on the same philosophy, the philosophy of regeneration and restoration. Based on the international experience, some policy implications for Vietnam are discussed.
Keywords:
Circular economy, international experience, policy implication
References
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[3] S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata, and F. Van Woerden, What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. World Bank Publications, 2018.
[4] Ellen MacArthur Foundation, "The New Plastics Economy, Rethinking the Future of Plastics," Ellen MacArthur Foundation, World Economic Forum & McKinsey Center for Business and Environment, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/EllenMacArthurFoundation_TheNewPlasticsEconomy_Pages.pdf
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[7] Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, "Báo cáo hiện trạng môi trường quốc gia 2017: Chuyên đề Quản lý chất thải," Hà Nội, 2017.
[8] J. R. Jambeck et al., "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean," Science, vol. 347, no. 6223, pp. 768-771, 2015.
[9] UNEP, "Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth," A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel. Fischer-Kowalski, M., Swilling, M., von Weizsäcker, E.U., Ren, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Crane, W., Krausmann, F., Eisenmenger, N., Giljum, S., Hennicke, P., Romero Lankao, P., Siriban Manalang, A. UNEP/Earthprint, 2011.
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[11] N. H. Nam, H. T. Huê, and N. T. B. Phương, "Kinh tế tuần hoàn và sự chuyển dịch tất yếu," Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Nghiên cứu Chính sách và Quản lý, vol. Tập 35 (2019), pp. 21-28, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://js.vnu.edu.vn/PaM/article/view/4189.
[12] W. Schivelbusch, Das verzehrende Leben der Dinge: Versuch über die Konsumtion. Munchen: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG, 2015.
[13] K. E. Boulding, "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth," in Environmental quality in a growing economy: Essays from the sixth RFF forum, H. Jarrett Ed. New York: RFF Press, 1966, pp. 3-14.
[14] W. R. Stahel and G. Reday-Mulvey, "The potential for substituting manpower for energy; report to DG V for Social Affairs," Commission of the EC, Brussels (research contract no. 760137 programme of research and Actions on the development of the Labour Market), 1976.
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[16] J. Kirchherr, D. Reike, and M. Hekkert, "Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, vol. 127, pp. 221-232, 2017.
[17] Government of the Netherlands, "From a linear to a circular economy." [Online]. Available: https://www.government.nl/topics/circular-economy/from-a-linear-to-a-circular-economy?fbclid=IwAR1QAaaoW8mUXc5wbNvJV7b9Ysf3UNhDUspp0YmP0eUFaDj_xXC7uaCllgc
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[19] UNIDO, "Circular Economy," Vienna, Austria, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/Circular_Economy_UNIDO_0.pdf
[20] M. Geissdoerfer, P. Savaget, N. M. Bocken, and E. J. Hultink, "The Circular Economy–A new sustainability paradigm?," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 143, pp. 757-768, 2017.
[21] J. Potting, M. Hekkert, E. Worrell, and A. Hanemaaijer, Circular economy: measuring innovation in the product chain (no. 2544). The Hague: PBL Publishers, 2017.
[22] J. Cramer, "Moving towards a circular economy in the Netherlands: challenges and directions," 2014. [Online]. Available: https://wp.hum.uu.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2015/04/Paper-HongKong-JC-april-2014.pdf.
[23] H. Schnurer, "German Waste Legislation and Sustainable Development: Development of waste legislation in Germany towards a sustainable closed substance cycle," International Institute for Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Kyoto/Japan, 2002. [Online]. Available: https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/entwicklung_abfallrecht_uk.pdf. [Online]. Available: https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/entwicklung_abfallrecht_uk.pdf
[24] BMU, "Closed-loop waste management: Recovering wastes – conserving resources," Berlin, Germany, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://gnse.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/waste-management.pdf
[25] N. H. Nam, H. T. Huê, and N. T. T. Nhạn, "Cách tiếp cận thị trường trong quản lý tài nguyên, bảo vệ môi trường và ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu: Kinh nghiệm Hoa Kỳ," Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Nghiên cứu Chính sách và Quản lý, vol. Tập 34, Số 4 (2018), pp. 43-50, 2018.
[26] OECD, "OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Japan 2002,," in "OECD Environmental Performance Reviews," Paris, 2002.
[27] W. McDowall et al., "Circular economy policies in China and Europe," Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 651-661, 2017.
[28] Y. Kalmykova, M. Sadagopan, and L. Rosado, "Circular economy–From review of theories and practices to development of implementation tools," Resources, Conservation Recycling, vol. 135, pp. 190-201, 2018.
[29] World Economic Forum, "Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up across global supply chains," Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://reports.weforum.org/toward-the-circular-economy-accelerating-the-scale-up-across-global-supply-chains/
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[31] European Commission, "Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan," ed. Brussels, 2019.
[32] EC, "Communication from the commission to the parliament, the council and the European economic and social commitee and the commitee of the regions: Closing the loop – An EU action plan for the Circular Economy," COM (2015) 614 final. Brussels, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614
[33] EC. "Circular Economy: Commission welcomes European Parliament adoption of new rules on single–use plastics to reduce marine litter." https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_19_1873 (accessed.
[34] O. Lah, Circular Economy Policies and Strategies of Germany (Towards a Circular Economy: Corporate Management and Policy Pathways). ERIA Research Project Report 2014-44, Jakarta: ERIA, pp.59-74, 2016.
[35] (2018). A circular economy in the Netherlands by 2050: A summary of the commitment and priorities of the government of the Netherlands. [Online] Available: https://hollandcircularhotspot.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Publicatie_CE_Engels.pdf
[36] Innovation for Sustainable Development Network, "Can public procurement in cities support circular economy and sustainability transition?," in "Policy Outlook Series," The Hague, The Netherlands, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.inno4sd.net/uploads/originals/1/inno4sd-outlook-6-2018.pdf
[37] French Ministry for Ecological and Sustainable Transition, "50 mesures pour une économie 100% circulaire’," Paris, Ministry for Ecological and Sustainable Transition, pp. 7–9 [in French], 2018.
[38] C. Francis and S. Erkman, Environmental Management for Industrial Estates: Information and Training Resources. Paris, France: United Nations Environmental Program, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2001.
[39] R. A. Frosch, "Industrial ecology: a philosophical introduction," Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 800-803, 1992.
[40] Regions of Climate Action, "Roadmap to Zero Waste for the city of Pittsburgh, PA," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/redtail/images/543_Pittsburgh-Road-Map-to-Zero-Waste-Final.pdf
[41] (2010). Establishing a sound material-cycle society: Milestone toward a sound material-cycle society through changes in business and life styles.
[42] (1998). Home Appliance Recycling Law. [Online] Available: https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/recycle/main/english/law/home.html
[43] Y. Hotta, A. Santo, and T. Tasaki, "EPR-based Electronic Home Appliance Recycling System under Home Appliance Recycling Act of Japan," 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.oecd.org/environment/waste/EPR_Japan_HomeAppliance.pdf
[44] WEEE Forum, "The challenge of transposing WEEE II into national law," 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.weee-forum.org/news/the-challenge-of-transposing-weee-ii-into-national-law
[45] Z. Yuan, J. Bi, and Y. Moriguichi, "The circular economy: A new development strategy in China," Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 10, no. 1‐2, pp. 4-8, 2006.
[46] B. Su, A. Heshmati, Y. Geng, and X. Yu, "A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 42, pp. 215-227, 2013.
[47] A. McCarthy, R. Dellink, and R. Bibas, "The Macroeconomics of the Circular Economy Transition," OECD Environment Working Paper. Paris, France., 2018.
[48] ECCT. "Circular economy development in Taiwan." European Chamber of Commerce Taiwan (ECCT),. https://www.ecct.com.tw/circular-economy-development-in-taiwan/ (accessed.
[49] MEWR. "Circular Economy." https://www.towardszerowaste.sg/circular-economy/ (accessed.
[50] N. Florin, E. Dominish, and D. Giurco, "Action Agenda for resource productivity and innovation: opportunities for Australia in the circular economy," University of Technology Sydney, 2015.
[51] Lifecycles, EconSearch, Colby Industries, and University of Queensland, "Creating value: The potential benefits of a circular economy in South Australia," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.greenindustries.sa.gov.au/_literature_172204/Potential_Benefits_of_a_Circular_Economy_in_South_Australia_-_report_(2017)
[52] C. Otter, "The Circular Economy: An explainer," in "Research Note No. 10, October 2018," Australia, 2018.
[53] EPA Victoria. "Legislation, regulations and policies." https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/about-epa/laws/legislation-regulations-and-policies (accessed.
[54] UNIDO, "Eco-Industrial Park Initiative for Sustainable Industrial Zones in Vietnam," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://eipvn.org/e-library/publications/