Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Third Mission and Challenges for Vietnamese Universities in the Transitioning Period
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article clarifies theoretical formal and informal institutional factors that affect the implementation of the third mission and the transition into the “entrepreneurial university” model of Vietnamese universities. Through in-depth interviews with university and faculty level leaders from 10 universities accredited in 2014 to 2019, the article indicates challenges faced by those universities in the transitioning period including: i) institution; ii) mechanism and resources for research and technology transformation; and iii) university organization, management/administration/governance.
Keywords:
The third mission, university transition, entrepreneurial university.
References
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[2] H. Etzkowitz, L. Leydesdorff, “The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University - Industry - Government Relations”, Research Policy 29(2) (2000) 109-123.
[3] M.C. Guerrero, D. Kirby, D. Urbano, “A literature review on entrepreneurial universities: An institutional approach”, Working paper presented at 3rd Conferrence of Pre-communications to Congresses, Autonomous University of Bacelona, 2006.
[4] M. Yusof, K.K. Jain, “Categories of university-level entrepreneurship: A literature survey”, The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 6 (2010) 81-96.
[5] M. Guerrero, D. Urbano, “The development of an entrepreneurial university”, The Journal of Technology Transfer 37 (2012) 43-74.
[6] F.T. Rothaermel, S.D. Agung, L. Jiang, “University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature”, Industrial and Corporate Change 16(4) (2007) 691-791.
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[8] C. Shore, L. McLauchlan, “Third mission” activities, commercialisation and academic entrepreneurs”, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 20(3) (2012) 267-286.
[9] S. Boffo, A. Cocorullo, “University Fourth Mission: Spin-offs and Academic Entrenreneurship: Connecting Public Policies with new missions and management issues of universities”, Higher Education Forum 16 (2019) 125-142.
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[11] L.K. Sooreh, A. Salamzadeh, H. Safarzadeh, Y. Salamzadeh, “Defining and Measuring Entrepreneurial Universities: A Study in Iranian Context Using Importance-Performance Analysis and TOPSIS Technique”, Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 3(2) (2011) 182-199.
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[13] K. Thorn, M. Soo, “Latin American universities and the third mission: trends, challenges, and policy options”, Policy, Research Working Paper, no. WPS 4002, Washington, DC, World Bank, 2006.
[14] D.V. Toan, “University - Enterprise Cooperation in International Context and Implications for Vietnam”, Vietnam Economic Review 7 (2017) 275.
[15] D.V. Toan, H.V. Hai, N.P. Mai, “The Role of Entrepreneurship Development in Universities to Promote Knowledge Sharing: The Case of Vietnam National University Hanoi”, International Conference “Asia Pacific Conference on Information Management 2016: Common Platform to a Sustainable Society in the Dynamic Asia Pacific, 2016, pp. 26-50.
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[17] D.V. Toan, “Universities’ Enterprise Development: International Experience and Policy Implications for Vietnam”, Journal of Economics and Forecasting, December 35 (2018) 58-60.
[18] D.V. Toan, “Development of Enterprises in Universities and Policy Implications for University Governance Reform in Vietnam”, VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business 35(1) (2019) 83-96.
[19] T.A. Tai, “Linking Universities and Businesses in Training and Research Activities - International Experience and Suggestions for Vietnam”, Final Report, National University-level Scientific Research Project, 2010.
[20] J. Han, A. Heshmati, “Determinants of Financial Rewards from Industry-University Collaboration in South Korea”, IZA Discussion Papers 7695, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), 2013.
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[22] B.R. Clark, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Transformation, Elsevier Science Regional Sales, New York, 1998.
[23] F.J. Yadolahi, M. Meisam, M. Mahmoud, S. Aidin, “Institutional Factors Affecting Academic Entrepreneurship: The Case of University of Tehran”, Economic Analysis 47(1-2) (2014) 139-159.
[24] D.V. Toan, “Entrepreneurialism in Vietnam’s Public Universities in The Context of Transition to Autonomy”, Journal of Economics and Forecasting 30 (2019) 111-116.
[25] D.V. Toan, Development of Enterprises in Universities: From International Experience to Practices in Vietnam (Monograph), Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2019.
[26] J. Senker, W. Faulkner, L. Velho, “Science and technology knowledge flows between industrial and academic research: A comparative study”, in H. Etzkowitz et al. (Eds.), Capitalizing Knowledge: New Intersections of Industry and Academia, Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, 1998.
[2] H. Etzkowitz, L. Leydesdorff, “The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University - Industry - Government Relations”, Research Policy 29(2) (2000) 109-123.
[3] M.C. Guerrero, D. Kirby, D. Urbano, “A literature review on entrepreneurial universities: An institutional approach”, Working paper presented at 3rd Conferrence of Pre-communications to Congresses, Autonomous University of Bacelona, 2006.
[4] M. Yusof, K.K. Jain, “Categories of university-level entrepreneurship: A literature survey”, The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 6 (2010) 81-96.
[5] M. Guerrero, D. Urbano, “The development of an entrepreneurial university”, The Journal of Technology Transfer 37 (2012) 43-74.
[6] F.T. Rothaermel, S.D. Agung, L. Jiang, “University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature”, Industrial and Corporate Change 16(4) (2007) 691-791.
[7] D.V. Toan, “Entrepreneurial Universities and the Development Model for Public Universities in Vietnam”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship 24(1) (2020) 1-16.
[8] C. Shore, L. McLauchlan, “Third mission” activities, commercialisation and academic entrepreneurs”, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 20(3) (2012) 267-286.
[9] S. Boffo, A. Cocorullo, “University Fourth Mission: Spin-offs and Academic Entrenreneurship: Connecting Public Policies with new missions and management issues of universities”, Higher Education Forum 16 (2019) 125-142.
[10] D.V. Toan, “Development of Enterprises in Universities: From International Experience to Practices in Vietnam (Monograph)”, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2019.
[11] L.K. Sooreh, A. Salamzadeh, H. Safarzadeh, Y. Salamzadeh, “Defining and Measuring Entrepreneurial Universities: A Study in Iranian Context Using Importance-Performance Analysis and TOPSIS Technique”, Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 3(2) (2011) 182-199.
[12] D.A. Isabelle, “Capitalization of science and technology knowledge: Practices, trends and impacts on techno-entrepreneurship”, in: Handbook of Research on Techno-entrepreneurship, 2nd Ed., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014.
[13] K. Thorn, M. Soo, “Latin American universities and the third mission: trends, challenges, and policy options”, Policy, Research Working Paper, no. WPS 4002, Washington, DC, World Bank, 2006.
[14] D.V. Toan, “University - Enterprise Cooperation in International Context and Implications for Vietnam”, Vietnam Economic Review 7 (2017) 275.
[15] D.V. Toan, H.V. Hai, N.P. Mai, “The Role of Entrepreneurship Development in Universities to Promote Knowledge Sharing: The Case of Vietnam National University Hanoi”, International Conference “Asia Pacific Conference on Information Management 2016: Common Platform to a Sustainable Society in the Dynamic Asia Pacific, 2016, pp. 26-50.
[16] D.V. Toan, “Promoting university startups’ development: International experiences and policy recommendations for Vietnam”, Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development 22(90) (2017) 19-42.
[17] D.V. Toan, “Universities’ Enterprise Development: International Experience and Policy Implications for Vietnam”, Journal of Economics and Forecasting, December 35 (2018) 58-60.
[18] D.V. Toan, “Development of Enterprises in Universities and Policy Implications for University Governance Reform in Vietnam”, VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business 35(1) (2019) 83-96.
[19] T.A. Tai, “Linking Universities and Businesses in Training and Research Activities - International Experience and Suggestions for Vietnam”, Final Report, National University-level Scientific Research Project, 2010.
[20] J. Han, A. Heshmati, “Determinants of Financial Rewards from Industry-University Collaboration in South Korea”, IZA Discussion Papers 7695, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), 2013.
[21] H. Etzkowitz, MIT and The Rise of Entrepreneurial Science, 1st Ed., Research Policy, Routledge, London, 2002.
[22] B.R. Clark, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Transformation, Elsevier Science Regional Sales, New York, 1998.
[23] F.J. Yadolahi, M. Meisam, M. Mahmoud, S. Aidin, “Institutional Factors Affecting Academic Entrepreneurship: The Case of University of Tehran”, Economic Analysis 47(1-2) (2014) 139-159.
[24] D.V. Toan, “Entrepreneurialism in Vietnam’s Public Universities in The Context of Transition to Autonomy”, Journal of Economics and Forecasting 30 (2019) 111-116.
[25] D.V. Toan, Development of Enterprises in Universities: From International Experience to Practices in Vietnam (Monograph), Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2019.
[26] J. Senker, W. Faulkner, L. Velho, “Science and technology knowledge flows between industrial and academic research: A comparative study”, in H. Etzkowitz et al. (Eds.), Capitalizing Knowledge: New Intersections of Industry and Academia, Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, 1998.