Experience of Building World Class Universities in China and some Questions for Vietnam’s Higher Education System
Main Article Content
Abstract
Developing a high quality higher education system with world class universities is essential for developing countries in catching up and competing with developed countries, especially in the age of the 4.0 industrial revolution in which a knowledge-based economy and a high quality labour force will determine the wealth of a country. This study demonstrates the experience of China - the second largest economy in the world in developing its higher education system and world class universities. The main issues covered include: historical development of the system, its main characteristics, current achievements and contemporary challenges. Based on this experience, several questions are raised with regard to future development of Vietnam’s higher education for education policies makers to consider.
Keywords:
Higher education, China, world class univeristy
References
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[3] R. Hayhoe, China’s universities, 1895-1995: A century of cultural conflict, Hongkong, 2004.
[4] R. Ash, Y. Kueh, The Chinese Economy Under Deng Xiaoping, Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1996.
[5] R. Yang, Third Delight: The Internationalization of Higher Education in China, London: Routledge, 2002.
[6] W. Min, "Chinese Higher Education: The Legacy of the Past and the Context of the Future". In: Altbach P.G., Umakoshi T. (Editors), Asian Universities: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, pp. 53-84.
[7] N. Zhou, "Strengthening the connection between education and economic development: major issues in China’s educational reform and suggested solutions", in Postilglione G. and Lee W.O. (Editors), Social Change and Educational Development, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hongkong, Centre for Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 1995.
[8] K.H. Mok, "Policy of decentralization and changing governance of higher education in
post-Mao China", Public Adm Dev. 22(3) (2002) 261-73.
[9] D. Chapman, A. Austin (editors), "Chinese Higher Education at the Turn of the Century: Expansion, Consolidation, and the Globalization", In: Higher Education in the Developing World: Changing Contexts and Institutional Responses, Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002, pp. 149-66.
[10] Y. Sharma, "China: More autonomy for universities", 04 April 2010, University World News.
[11] B. Sanyal, M. Martin, "Financing higher education: International perspectives", GUNI Series on the Social Commitment of Universities Higher Education in the world: The Financing of Universities, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006.
[12] P. Garwal, Indian higher education: Envisioning the future, New Delhi: Sage, 2009.
[13] H. Wang, J. Xie, H. Li, "Water pricing with household surveys: A study of acceptability and willingness to pay in Chongqing, China", China Econ Rev [Internet]. 21(1) (2010) 136-49.
[14] D. Johnstone, A. Arora, W. Experton, The financing and management of higher education: A status report on worldwide reforms, Washington DC, 1998.
[15] K.H. Mok, "The growing importance of the privateness in education: Challenges for higher education governance in China", Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 39 (2009) 1, 35-49.
[16] F. Yan, X. Lin, Minban Education in China: Background and current situation, 2004.
[17] L. William, The Academic Profession: changing roles, terms and definitions Other How to cite, London, 2007.
[18] P.G. Altbach, "The Private Higher Education Revolution: An Introduction", In: Altbach P.G., Levy D.C. (Editors), Private Higher Education: A Global Revolution, Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 2005, pp. 1-13.
[19] Xiangming Chen, "The academic profession in China", In: P.G. Altbach (editor), The Decline of the Guru: The Academic Profession in Developing and Middle-Income Countries, New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2003, pp. 107-134.
[20] N. Jayaram, "The Fall of the Guru: The Decline of the Academic Profession in India", In: Altbach P.G. (Editor), The Decline of the Guru: The Academic Profession in Developing and Middle- Income Countries, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003, pp. 199-230.
[21] L. Rumbley, I. Pacheco, P.G. Altbach, International comparision of academic salaries: An exploratory Study, Boston, MA: Boston college, Center for International Education, 2008.
[22] N.C. Liu, "Research Universities in China: Differentiation, Classification, and Future World- Class Status", In: P.G. Altbach, J. Balán (Editors), World Class Worldwide: Transforming Research Universities in Asia and Latin America, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, pp. 54-69.
[23] W. Ma, "The flagship university and China’s economic reform", In: Altbach PG, Balán J, editors, World Class Worldwide: Transforming Research Universities in Asia and Latin America, Bal: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007,
pp. 31-53.
[24] K.H. Mok, Y. Chan, "International benchmarking with the best universities: Policy and practice in mainland China and Taiwan", High Educ Policy. 21(4) (2008) 469-86.
[25] P.G. Altbach, T. Umakoshi, Asian Universities historical perspectives and contemporary challenges, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
[26] M. Trow, Problems in the Transition from Elite to Mass Higher Education, Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, California: McGraw-Hill; 1973.
[27] Lam Quang Thiep, "Vietnamese university model is not the same", Vietnam Education Newspaper, 04/06/2019, https://cvdvn.net/2019/10/22/mo-hinh-dai-hoc-trong-dai-hoc-cua-viet-nam-chang-giong-ai/, accessed 1 September 2020 (in Vietnamese).