Study on Acidity and Neutralizing Ability of Ions in the Chemical Composition of Rainwater
Main Article Content
Abstract
The acidity in rainwater is mainly controlled by the presence of H2SO4, HNO3 in combination with the ability to neutralize cations in rainwater. pH is an important value in the evaluation of acidity in rainwater. The research used a series of rainwater quality monitoring data from 2005 to 2018 in Vietnam. The research showed that the average pH distribution at 23 stations ranged from 5.83 ± 0.62. The rains with pH <5.6 appear in all years at the research stations. Considering the ability of acid neutralizing to various ions shows that Ca2+ is the main contributor to acid neutralization processes in rainwater, followed by Mg2+, NH4+, and K+. While Ca2+ always play the highest acid neutralizing role at all stations; Depending on each station, Mg2+ and NH4+ ions play a role in neutralizing acidity in rainwater. The research also shows a match between the trend of H+ concentration and the tendency of cations to contribute to acid neutralization
in rainwater.
Keywords:
Neutralization, acid rain, acid rain tendency
References
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Vol. 7, No.4, 1977, pp. 461-478.
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R. Szep, Assessing the Neutralisation, Wet Deposition and Source Contributions of the Precipitation Chemistry over Europe during 2000-2017, Environmental Sciences Europe, Vol. 31, 2019.
[5] Y. Wu, Z. Xu, W. Liu et al., Chemical Compositions of Precipitation at Three Non Urban sites of Hebei Province, North China: infuence of terrestrial sources on ionic composition. Atmos Res, Vol. 181, 2016, pp. 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.009.
[6] Z. Xu, Y. Wu, W. Liu, C-S. Liang, J. Ji, T. Zhao, X. Zhang, Chemical Composition of Rainwater and the Acid Neutralizing Effect at Beijing and Chizhou city, China, Atmospheric Research,
Vol. 164, 2015.
[7] P. T. T. Ha, D. T. N. Anh, T. M. Tien, B. N. Kha, L. T. Sy, Assessment of Acid Rain Changes in Hoa Binh Province 2000 - 2014, VNU Journal of Sciece, Vol. 32, No. 1S, 2016, pp. 102-109
(in Vietnamese).
[8] R. S. Robert, E. Mateescu, I. A. Nita, M. V. Birsan, Z. Bodor, A. Keresztesi, Effects of the Eastern Carpathians on Atmospheric Circulations and Precipitation Chemistry from 2006 to 2016 at four Monitoring stations (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), Atmospheric Research, Vol. 214, 2018.
[9] H. Rodhe, F. Dentener, M. Schulz, The Global Distribution of Acidifying Wet Deposition, Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 36, No. 20, 2002, pp. 4382-4388.
[10] R. Balasubramanian, T. Victor, N. Chun, Chemical and Statistical Analysis of Precipitation in Singapore, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,
Vol. 130, No. 1, 2001, pp. 451-456.
[11] U. C. Kulshrestha, A. K. Sarkar, S. S. Srivastava, D. C. Parashar, Investigation into Atmospheric Deposition through Precipitation Studies at New Delhi (India). Atmos Environ, Vol. 30, 1996,
pp. 4149-4154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352 2310(96)00034 9.
[12] R. Das, S. N. Das, V. N. Misra, Chemical Composition of Rainwater and Sustfall at Bhubaneswar in the East Coast of India. Atmos Environ, Vol. 39, 2005, pp. 5908-5916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.030.
[13] R. M. Hirsch, J. R. Slack, R. A. Smith, Techniques of Trend Analysis for Monthly Water Auality data, Water Resources Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1982, pp. 107-121.
[14] K. Kitayama, S. Seto, M. Sato, H. Hara, Increases of Wet Deposition at Remote Sites in Japan from 1991 to 2009, J. Atmos. Chem, Vol. 69, 2012,
pp. 33-46.
[15] A. Marchetto, M. Rogora, S. Arisci, Trend Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition data: A Comparison of Statistical Approaches, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 64, 2013, pp. 95-102.
[16] O. V. Rattigan, K. L. Civerolo, H. D. Felton, Trends in Wet Precipitation, Particulate, and Gas-phase Species in New York State, Atmospheric Pollution Research, Vol. 8, 2017, pp. 1090-1102.
[17] L. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Lu, The Composition, Seasonal Cariation, and Potential Sources of the Atmospheric Wet Sulfur (S) and Nitrogen (N) Deposition in the Southwest of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 23, 2016, pp. 6363-6375.
[18] H. T. Ngan, H. X. Co, L. V. Linh, D. D. An, Assessment of Seasonal Evolution of Acid Deposition (Wet Deposition) in Viet Nam in the Current Period, Journal of Environment, No. 4, 2019, pp. 71-79 (in Vietnamese).
[19] N. T. K. Anh, L. V. Quy, L. V. Linh, N. T. Giang, N. V. Tien, H. T. Van, N. P. Nhung, H. T. Ngan, Research on Wet Deposition Tendencies at Stations on the EANET Network of Vietnam in the Period 2000-2018, Journal of Climate Change Science, No. 12, 2019, pp. 83-87
(in Vietnamese).
[20] S. P. Shukla, S. Mukesh, Neutralization of Rainwater Acidity at Kanpur, India, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 62,
No. 3, 2010, pp. 172-180.