Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Holocene Aquifer in Duy Tien District, Ha Nam Province using Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI)
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to assess the pollution level of groundwater in the Holocene aquifer in the Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province, using the groundwater quality index (GWQI). Groundwater samples were collected from 20 wells and dug wells in households in rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that many parameters such as ammonium, nitrite, total hardness, chloride, Fe, Mn, Pb, As exceeded the permitted limits according to QCVN 09-MT: 2015/BTNMT. In particular, the ammonium concentrations at all monitoring wells were higher 2,73 ÷ 28,3 times than permitted values. The GWQI ranged between 84 ÷ 369 in the rainy season and 67 ÷ 290 in the dry season, while the proportion of wells with "very poor water" quality in the rainy and dry season was 50% and 65%, respectively. The GWQI values can be a scientific basis for effective use and protecting groundwater resources.
Keywords:
Groundwater, groundwater quality index (GWQI), pollution, Duy Tien district.
References
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[2] People's Committee of Ha Nam Province, State of Environment Report 2016 - 2020, 2021 (in Vietnamese).
[3] P. Q. Nhan, Origin and Distribution of Ammonium And Arsenic in Aquifers of the Red River Delta, Project of International Cooperation with Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), No. 91-SF2, 2007 – 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.01.006 (in Vietnamese)
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No 1, 2015, pp. 80-86.
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[5] Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, QCVN 09-MT: 2015/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on Groundwater Quality, 2015 (in Vietnamese).
[6] H. V. Hoan, F. Larsen, N. V. Lam, D. D. Nhan, T. T. Luu, P. Q. Nhan, Salt Groundwater Intrusion in the Pleistocene Aquifer in the Southern Part of the Red River Delta, Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2018, pp. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4127.
[7] L. A. Trung, D. K. Loan, T. H. Con, Assessing the Status of Contamination Nitrogen Compound in Storage of Domestic Water in Hoang Liet Ward, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi City, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2016, pp. 110-117 (in Vietnamese).
[8] A. B. Ahmad, Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Index for Drinking Purpose from some Villages Around Darbandikhan District, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2014, pp. 34-41, https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07913441.
[9] R. M. Brown, N. I. McClelland, R. R. Deininger, M. F. O’Connor, A Water Quality Index - crashing the Psychological Barrier, Indicators of Environmental Quality, 1971, pp. 173-182.
[10] N. H. Au, P. T. T. Nhi, T. M. H. Vy, T. T. Hien, T. N. Hiep, L. K. Linh, T. B. Minh, L. T. H. Ha, Application of Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and GIS in Groundwater Quality Zoning in the Pleistocene Aquifer in Phu My Town, Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province, Science and Technology Development Journal - Science of the Earth & Environment, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2020, pp. 149-161, https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v4i1.525
(in Vietnamese).
[11] Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, Book looking up stratigraphic units in Vietnam, Hanoi National University Publishing House, 2000 (in Vietnamese).
[12] Hoang Anh Khien, Geology and minerals group of Hung Yen - Phu Ly, Northern Federation of Geological Maps, 2004 (in Vietnamese).
[13] TCVN 6663-11:2011 (ISO 5567-11:2009), Water Quality - Sampling - Part 11: Guidance on Sampling of Groundwaters (in Vietnamese).
[14] TCVN 6663-3: 2016 (ISO 5667-3:2012) Water Quality - Sampling - Part 3: Preservation and Handling of Water Samples (in Vietnamese).
[15] APHA, AWWA, WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 23rd edition, 2017.
[16] K. M. Alastal, J. S. Alagha, A. A. Abuhabis, R. Ababou, Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index (WQI) Approach: Gaza Coastal Aquifer Case Study, Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2,
No 1, 2015, pp. 80-86.