Coastal Vulnerability Assessment in Son Tra – Cua Dai region
Main Article Content
Abstract
The coastal erosion due to storm surge and unsustainable urban development in the central region of Vietnam has become increasingly in the last decade. It requires accurate coastal vulnerability assessments (CVI). The aim of this study is to propose (1) a new approach to classify the coasts and (2) the selection of appropriate criteria to assess the CVI index at the regional scale. Accordingly, the study has calculated the CVI index for the coastal area of Son Tra - Cua Dai region based on 5 coastal characteristic variables, 3 coastal dynamics and 4 socio-economic variables. The results show that more than 15% of the coastline of the study area has very high CVI values, especially in the coastal area of Hoi An. The coastal landscape with residential and tourist sites near beaches without protection forests has been strongly affected by storm erosion.
Keywords:
Erosion, coast, sandy shore, Da Nang, Quang Nam.
References
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[2] E.H. Boak, I.L. Turner, Shoreline Definition and Detection: A Review, J. Coast. Res. 214 (2005) 688–703. https://doi.org/10.2112/03-0071.1.
[3] V.C. Nguyen, P.H. Tien, Coastal Erosion in Central Vietnam, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003.
[4] T.N. Mai, D.Q. Tran, T.H.H. Nguyen, V.D. Luu, V.T. Hoang, T.T. Bui, M.Q. Pham, T.L. Tran, H.Q. Nguyen, T.N. Le, T.L. Nguyen, T.T.T. Vu, T.T. Pham, Vulnerability assessment of environment and natural resources in Vietnam coastal zone for sustainable use of natural resources, environment protection and adaptation to climate change (case study the Red River Delta coastal zone), VNU J. Sci. Earth Sci. 27 (2011) 161–173. https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/1513.
[5] H. Takagi, N.D. Thao, M. Esteban, T. Mikami, L. Van Cong, V.T. Ca, Coastal disasters in Vietnam, Elsevier Inc., 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801060-0.00012-5.
[6] K.B. Dang, V.B. Dang, T.T.H. Dang, C.C. Ngo, Assessments of Sand Dune Ecosystem Service Potential from Son Tra (Da Nang) to Tam Ky (Quang Nam), VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 36 (2020) 81–92. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4645.
[7] G. Özyurt, A. Ergin, Improving coastal vulnerability assessments to sea-level rise: A new indicator-based methodology for decision makers, J. Coast. Res. 26 (2010) 265–273. https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1055.1.
[8] A.I.A. Hamid, A.H.M. Din, N. Yusof, N.M. Abdullah, A.H. Omar, M.F. Abdul Khanan, Coastal Vulnerability Index Development: a Review, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. - ISPRS Arch. 42 (2019) 229–235. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-229-2019.
[9] P.X. Canh, N.N. Thach, N. Hieu, D.T. Phuong, B.T. Hang, Applying GIS for Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Ecosystems in Hai Phong City, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4115.
[10] I. Boateng, GIS assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change and coastal adaption planning in Vietnam, J. Coast. Conserv. 16 (2012) 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-011-0165-0.
[11] D.D. Cham, H.S. Nguyen, K.A. Nguyen, Coastal Vulnerability Assessments due to climate change in coastal sand-bar in Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue to propose sustainable likelihood, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2020.
[12] GSO, Statistical yearbook of Tam Ky community, Quang Nam province, The people committee of Tam Ky community, Quang Nam province, Vietnam, Quang Nam province, 2016.
[13] V.L. Ngo, V.B. Dang, K.B. Dang, C.C. Ngo, T.P.N. Pham, B. Benjamin, T.K.C. Giap, Assessment of shoreline changes for setback zone establishment from Son Tra (Da Nang city) to Cua Dai (Hoi An city), Vietnam, Vietnam J. Earth Sci. 42 (2020) 363–383. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/42/4/15410.
[14] C.H. Nguyen, K.B. Dang, V.L. Ngo, V.B. Dang, Q.H. Truong, D.H. Nguyen, T.L. Giang, T.P.N. Pham, C.C. Ngo, T.T. Hoang, New Approach to Assess Multi-Scale Coastal Landscape Vulnerability to Erosion in Tropical Storms in Vietnam, Sustainability. 13 (2021) 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13021004.
[15] N.C. Tuan, N.Y. Nhu, T.M. Ngoc, Applying LITPACK Model in Researching Shape Change of Cua Tùng Coast, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 33 (2014) 49–54. https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/769.
[16] V.C. Huu, D. Van Uu, Calculation of Wave Regime and Longshore Sediment Transport in Nha Trang Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 32 (2016) 122–129. Available at: https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/3646. Date accessed: 20 aug. 2021.
[17] N.T. Mai, Forecasting the Fluctuation of Riverbed and Shoreline While Dredging to through Flows in Anchoring Areas of Boats to Storm Shelter in Water front of Phan Ri, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 32 (2014) 49–58. https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/2377.
[18] `N. Ahmed, N. Howlader, M.A.A. Hoque, B. Pradhan, Coastal erosion vulnerability assessment along the eastern coast of Bangladesh using geospatial techniques, Ocean Coast. Manag. 199 (2021) 105408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105408.
[19] N.T. Son, N.C. Tuan, N.Q. Hung, P.N. Thang, Mapping Vulnerable Properties and Solutions Limited Flood Damage on the Ben Hai - Thach Han River Basins, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci. 32 (2016) 175–183. Available at: https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/3661. Date accessed: 20 aug. 2021.
[20] P. Yin, X. Duan, F. Gao, M. Li, S. Lü, J. Qiu, L. Zhou, Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges, China Geol. 1 (2018) 512–521. https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2018073.