Assessment of the Current State and Soil Quality for Early Lychee Cultivation in Phuc Hoa Commune, Tan Yen District, Bac Giang Province
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: Phuc Hoa Commune, Tan Yen District, Bac Giang Province (now merged with Hop Duc and Lien Chung to form Phuc Hoa Commune, Bac Ninh Province) is a key area for early-ripening lychee production with high economic value and strong domestic and export demand. This study assesses the current status and quality of lychee-growing soils through the analysis of eight representative samples. Key physical and chemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, water retention capacity, soil texture, NPK content, organic matter, and bulk density, were analyzed to determine their influence on yield and fruit quality. Results indicate that the soils are mainly sandy loam and clay loam; sandy soils often exhibit low moisture, low EC, and poor water retention. Soils under long-term cultivation (over 20 years), those managed according to GlobalGAP standards, and those intercropped with vegetables (PH02, PH07, PH08) exhibit better quality, characterized by stable pH, high organic matter, and abundant nutrient content. In contrast, sample PH05 shows acidic pH and low nutrient levels, indicating the need for improvement. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents range from medium to high, while potassium is deficient and requires supplementation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified three key indicators for constructing the Soil Quality Index (SQI): sand percentage, available phosphorus, and natural bulk density. The SQI results are consistent with individual soil property evaluations but provide a clearer quantitative assessment. The highest SQI values were found in PH02, PH06, and PH07, indicating favorable conditions for crop growth, whereas the lowest value in PH05 highlights the need for soil rehabilitation. The SQI approach offers a practical tool for quantifying, comparing, and monitoring soil quality, supporting effective soil management and improvement in agricultural production.
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