Zinc Accumulation Patterns and Ecological Risk Assessment in Vineyard Topsoils Under Contrasting Topographies
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the vineyards, the terrain morphology and the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and organic mateials can pose a potential risk of soil contamination by heavy metals, particularly by Zn. Therefore, we evaluate the accumulation characteristics and bioavailability of Zn in the topsoil
(0-20 cm) of a sloping vineyard in Phu Tho province (vineyard A), and in a flat terrain vineyard in Hanoi city (vineyard B). The ecological risk of Zn is assessed using the contamination factor and ecological risk index, based on total and bioavailable Zn concentrations in the soil. Results indicate that terrain, soil erosion, and farming practices exert significant impacts on the distribution of Zn in the soil. In vineyard A, a significantly higher mean total Zn content is found at the backslope of the hill (84.90 mg/kg) compared to the top of the hill (47.70 mg/kg). Meanwhile, in vineyard B, the mean total Zn content of 128.89 mg/kg is observed without any marked difference between the soil samples. On the other hand, the accumulation patterns and bioavailability of Zn in the topsoil are influenced by soil characteristics such as organic matter contents and soil particle sizes (silt and clay contents). Based on the bioavailable percentages (19.47% and 30.81% in the soil of vineyard A and B, respectively), Zn shows an overall moderate mobility. Although Zn levels are lower than the pollution limit value stipulated in Vietnamese standards (QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT) and an low adverse ecological risk is observed for both vineyards, the calculated contamination factor indicates low to considerable contamination of the soil. These findings indicate that farming practices significantly influence Zn accumulation through the use of foliar fertilizers and compost. Overall, this study on Zn accumulation characteristics and associated ecological risks in vineyards with contrasting topographies provides valuable insights into Zn dynamics in soils and supports the development of environmentally sustainable vineyard management practices.
References
pp. 1893-1909.
[2] N. T. H. Pham, I. Babcsányi, P. Balling,
A. Farsang, Accumulation Patterns and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Topsoil of Two Sloping Vineyards (Tokaj-Hegyalja, Hungary), J. Soils Sediments, Vol. 22, 2022, pp. 2671-2689.
[3] G. Brunetto, A. Miotto, C. A. Ceretta, D. E. Schmitt, J. Heinzen, M. P. D. Moraes, E. Girotto, Mobility of Copper and Zinc Fractions in Fungicide-Amended Vineyard Sandy Soils, Arch Agron Soil Sci, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2014, pp. 609-624.
[4] N. T. H. Pham, V. Q. Nguyen, Assessing the Impact of Soil Erosion and Farming Practices on The Spatial Distribution Of Soil Characteristics in The Topsoil of a Sloping Vineyard Using an Open Source Software QGIS, VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2023, pp. 91-101.
[5] N. T. H. Pham, Distribution and Bioavailability of Copper in the Soil of a Young Steep Vineyard Applying Different Extraction Procedures and Pseudo-Total Digestion, Water Air Soil Pollut, Vol. 235, 2024, pp. 326.
[6] M. Mirzaei, S. Marofi, E. Solgi, M. Abbasi,
R. Karimi, H. R. Riyahi Bakhtyari, Ecological and Health Risks of Soil and Grape Heavy Metals in Long-term Fertilized Vineyards (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran), Environ Geochem Health, Vol. 42, 2020, pp. 27-43.
[7] T. Milićević, M. Aničić Urošević, D. Relić,
G. Jovanović, D. Nikolić, K. Vergel, A. Popović, Environmental Pollution Influence to Soil-plant-air System in Organic Vineyard: Bioavailability, Environmental, And Health Risk Assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 28, 2021, pp. 3361-3374.
[8] T. Milićević, D. Relić, S. Škrivanj, Ž. Tešić,
A. Popović, Assessment of Major and Trace Element Bioavailability in Vineyard Soil Applying Different Single Extraction Procedures and Pseudo-Total Digestion, Chemosphere, Vol. 171, 2017, pp. 284-293.
[9] US EPA, Method 3050B: Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils, Environ. Prot. Agency, Vol. 2, 1996, pp. 3-5.
[10] L. Hakanson, An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control, A Sedimentological Approach, Water Res, Vol. 14, 980, pp. 975-1001.
[11] M. S. Islam, M. K. Ahmed, M. H. A. Mamun, Metal Speciation in Soil and Health Risk Due to Vegetables Consumption in Bangladesh, Environ Monit Assess, Vol. 187, 2015, pp. 288.
[12] J. R. Landon, Booker Tropical Soil Manual: A Handbook for Soil Survey and Agricultural Land Evaluation in the Tropics and Sub Tropics, Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, New York, USA, 1991.
[13] QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Soil Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam, 2023.
[14] N. Mirlean, A. Roisenberg, J. O. Chies, Metal Contamination of Vineyard Soils in Wet Subtropics (Southern Brazil), Environmental Pollution, Vol. 149, 2007, pp. 10-17.
[15] L. X. Yao, G. L. Li, Z. Dang, Z. H. He, C. M. Zhou, B. M. Yang, Bioavailability of As, Cu and Zn in Two Soils As Affected by Application of Chicken Manure and Pig Manure, Huan Jing Ke Xue,
Vol. 29, 2008, pp. 2592-2598.
[16] Y. L. Chen, S. J. Xiong, J. J. Dong, Z. Jia, S. Wang, S. X. Wang, J. L. Shi, X. H. Tian, Effects of Combined Addition of Organic Materials with Zinc Fertilizer on Zinc Availability and Transformation in Calcareous Soil, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2019, pp. 2737-2745.