Legal Frameworks for Personal Data Protection in Digital Finance: International Practices and Implications for Vietnam

Abstract

Digital finance has accelerated the collection and monetization of personal data, as data constitutes both an object of privacy rights and a valuable economic asset. In addition to the benefits of service personalization and financial management, digital finance also poses risks related to data breaches, financial fraud, and algorithmic bias in AI systems. This article employs legal research methods and examines the legal frameworks adopted in several jurisdictions. The findings indicate a shift from traditional data protection approaches toward governance models based on data control rights, accountability, and digital financial supervision. On that basis, the article proposes a legal framework for the protection of personal data in Vietnam’s digital finance sector.