Formation of Co3O4 Nanosheets or Nanorods: Effect of Experimental Condition
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, Co3O4 nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method through a two-step process including hydrothermal followed by heat treatment. The hydrothermal conditions, such as temperature and time, were varied to obtain the morphological characteristics of the Co3O4 nanostructures. The morphological and structural characteristics were analyzed by techniques such as field-effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our findings reveal that the nanostructures exhibit diverse morphologies, depending on the hydrothermal conditions. In addition, we investigated the gas sensing capabilities of the nanosheets to ammonia.
Keywords:
Co3O4, nanosheets, hydrothermal, gas sensor.
References
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[2] W. Guo, X. Lian, Y. Tian, T. Yang, S. Wang, Facile Fabrication 1D/2D/3D Co3O4 Nanostructure in Hydrothermal Synthesis for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 38, 2021, pp. 102586, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102586.
[3] F. Zhan, B. Geng, Y. Guo, Porous Co3O4 Nanosheets with Extraordinarily High Discharge Capacity for Lithium Batteries, Chemistry-A European Journal, Vol. 15, 2009, pp. 6169-6174, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200802561.
[4] Y. Ren, X. Xiao, J. Ni, H. Zhao, H. Yang, X. Chen, RuO2 Incorporated Co3O4 Nanosheets as Carbon-free Integrated Cathodes for Lithium-oxygen Battery Application, Materials Letters, Vol. 304, 2021, pp. 130634, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130634.
[5] H. Nguyen, S. A. E. Safty, Meso- and Macroporous Co3O4 Nanorods for Effective VOC Gas Sensors, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, 2011, pp. 8466-8474, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1116189.
[6] P. L. Quang, N. D. Cuong, T. T. Hoa, H. T. Long, C. M. Hung, D. T. T. Le, N. V. Hieu, Simple Post-synthesis of Mesoporous p-Type Co3O4 Nanochains for Enhanced H2S Gas Sensing Performance, Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 270, 2018, pp. 158-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.026.
[7] K. J. Kormondy, A. B. Posadas, A. Slepko, A. Dhamdhere, D. J. Smith, K. N. Mitchell, T. I. W. Gies, S. Zollner, L. G. Marshall, J. Zhou, A. A. Demkov, Epitaxy of Polar Semiconductor Co3O4 (110): Growth, Structure, and Characterization, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, 2014, pp. 243708, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885048.
[8] P. G. Choi, T. Fuchigami, K. I. Kakimoto, Y. Masuda, Effect of Crystal Defect on Gas Sensing Properties of Co3O4 Nanoparticles, ACS Sensors, Vol. 5, 2020, pp. 1665-1673, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c00290.
[9] A. Ma, S. Y. Baek, J. H. Seo, S. A. Abbas, J. H. Kwon, S. J. Ahn, K. M. Nam, Photodeposition of Pt Nanoparticles on Co3O4 Nanocubes for Detection of Acetone at Part-Per-Billion Levels, ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 4, 2021,pp. 2752-2759, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c03393.
[10] T. T. L. Dang, T. N. T. Do, V. M. Do, M. Tonezzer, V. D. N. Tran, T. X. Chu, M. H. Chu, V. D. Nguyen, D. H. Nguyen, Eco-friendly Facile Synthesis of Co3O4–Pt Nanorods for Ethylene Detection towards Fruit Quality Monitoring, Sensors Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 362, 2023, pp. 114607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114607.
[11] Z. Fei, S. He, L. Li, W. Ji, C. T. Au, Morphology-directed Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanotubes Based on Modified Kirkendall Effect And Its Application in CH4 Combustion, Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, 2012,
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[12] Y. Sun, P. Lv, J. Y. Yang, L. He, J. C. Nie, X. Liu, Y. Li, Ultrathin Co3O4 Nanowires with High Catalytic Oxidation of CO, Chemical Communications, Vol. 47, 2011, pp. 11279-11281, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc14484g.
[13] L. Xiong, Y. Teng, Y. Wu, J. Wang, Z. He, Large-scale Synthesis of Aligned Co3O4 Nanowalls on Nickel Foam and Their Electrochemical Performance for Li-ion Batteries, Ceramics International, Vol. 40, 2014, pp. 15561-15568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.032.
[14] Y. Zhang, Y. Wu, Z. Duan, B. Liu, Q. Zhao, Z. Yuan, S. Li, J. Liang, Y. Jiang, H. Tai, High Performance Humidity Sensor Based on 3D Mesoporous Co3O4 Hollow Polyhedron for Multifunctional Applications, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 585, 2022, pp. 152698, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152698.
[15] J. Cao, S. Wang, J. Li, Y. Xing, X. Zhao, D. Li, Porous Nanosheets Assembled Co3O4 Hierarchical Architectures for Enhanced BTX (Benzene, Toluene and Xylene) Gas Detection, Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 315, 2020, pp. 128120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128120.
[16] Z. Zhang, Y. Song, J. Sun, Self-stacked Co(OH)2/Co3O4 Nanosheets for High-selectivity Gas Sensor to N-butyl Alcohol, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 610, 2023, pp. 155438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155438.
[17] J. Deng, R. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Lou, T. Zhang, Enhanced Sensing Performance of The Co3O4 Hierarchical Nanorods to NH3 Gas, Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 209, 2015, pp. 449-455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.11.141.
[18] C. Wang, Y. Song, M. Zhao, H. Lu, J. Wang, X. Zou, Material Design and Mechanism Interpretation of Metal Oxide Nanofibers for Improving Gas Sensitivity, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 531, 2025, pp. 216492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216492.
[19] M. Hjiri, N. Benmansour, F.M. Barakat, G. Neri, Metal Oxide Gas Sensors with Nanosheet Morphology: A Review, Microchemical Journal, Vol. 215, 2025, pp. 114510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2025.114510.
[20] Y. Qiu, Y. Wang, Controllable Synthesis of Porous Co3O4 Nanorods and Their Ethanol-sensing Performance, Ceramics International, Vol. 48, 2022, pp. 29659-29668, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.221.
[21] D. T. T. Le, V. A. Tuan, M. Tonezzer, C. M. Hung, N. D. Hoa, An Electrospinning Deposited Cobalt Oxide Nanofiber Gas Sensing Device: Selective Enhancement as A Thermal Electronic Nose, RSC Advances, Vol. 15, 2025, pp. 15293-15301, https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra00873e.
[22] R. Hippler, M. Cada, P. Ksirova, J. Olejnicek, P. Jiricek, J. Houdkova, H. Wulff, A. Kruth, C.A. Helm, Z. Hubicka, Deposition of Cobalt Oxide Films by Reactive Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 405, 2021, pp. 126590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126590.
[23] H. Y. Kwong, Y. W. Wong, Formation of Cobalt Hydroxide Single-crystal Platelets from Pulsed Laser Deposited Cobalt Thin Film, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 497, 2010, pp. 267-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.024.
[24] L. V. Duy, T.T. Nguyet, D.T.T. Le, N. V. Duy, H. Nguyen, F. Biasioli, M. Tonezzer, C. Di Natale, N.D. Hoa, Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on p-Type-like V2O5 Nanosheets towards Food Spoilage Monitoring, Nanomaterials, Vol. 13, 2023, pp. 146, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010146.
[25] D. H. Yen, L. T. N. Phu, D. T. T. Le, Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Towards Gas Sensor Application, VNU Journal of Science: Mathematics - Physics, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2025, pp. 84-91, https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap.4993.