Increasing Financial Resources for Public Higher Education: International Experiences and Suggestions for Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Increasing financial resources has been regarded as one of the particular importance of the current higher education development in Vietnam, notably public universities. These groups of higher education institutions are facing challenges as their main sources of funding - state allocation - are declining gradually. In this study, the authors examine the mechanisms employed in other countries across the world to improve financial resources for their higher education institutions. Thus, some implications are withdrawn for public higher education institutions
in Vietnam.
Keywords:
University, Vietnam, financial resources, revenue diversification.
References
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[2] B. Johnstone, Challenges of Financial Austerity: Imperatives and Limitations of Revenue Diversification in Higher Education, Welsh J. Educ./Cylchgr, Addysg Cymru, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2002, pp. 18-36, https://doi.org/10.16922/wje.11.1.3.
[3] F. K. Alexander, The Changing Face of Accountability: Monitoring and Assessing Institutional Performance in Higher Education, J. Higher Educ, Vol. 71, No. 4, 2000, pp. 411-431, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2000.11778843.
[4] J. S. Kuo, Y. C. Ho, The Cost Efficiency Impact of the University Operation Fund on Public Universities in Taiwan, Econ, Educ, Rev, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2008, pp. 603-612, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.06.003.
[5] E. B. Pruvot, T. Estermann, University Autonomy in Europe III: The Scorecard 2017, European University ASSociation, https://eua.eu/resources/publications/350:university-autonomy in-europe-iii- the-scorecard-2017.html/, 2017 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
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[8] T. Agasisti, C. Pohl, Comparing German and Italian Public Universities: Convergence or Divergence in the Higher Education Landscape?, Manag, Decis, Econ, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2012, pp. 71-85, https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1561.
[9] B. A. Powell, D. S. Gilleland, L. C. Pearson, Expenditures, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in U.S. Undergraduate Higher Education: A National Benchmark Model, J. Higher Educ, Vol. 83, No. 1, 2012, pp. 102-127,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2012.11777236.
[10] A. Jaramillo, T. Melonio, Breaking Even or Breaking through: Reaching Financial Sustainability While Providing High Quality Standards in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa (English),
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/714021468275946360/Breaking-even-or-breaking-through-reaching-financial-sustainability-while-providing-high-quality-standards-in-higher-education-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa/, 2011 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[11] S. Agha, I. Kuhail, N. A. Nabi, M. Salem, A. Ghanim, Assessment of Academic Departments Efficiency using Data Envelopment analysis, J. Ind. Eng, Manag, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2011, pp. 301-325, https://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem/, 2011 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[12] B. Jongbloed, Performance-based Funding in Higher Education: An International Survey”, Art. 35, 2001,
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[13] Universities UK, University Funding Explained, https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2016/university-funding-explained.pdf/, 2016 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[14] J. Salmi, A.M. Hauptman, Innovations in Tertiary Education Financing: A Comparative Evaluation of Allocation Mechanisms, World Bank, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/965151468314986713/Innovations-in-tertiary-education-financing-a-comparative-evaluation-of-allocation-mechanisms/, 2006 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
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http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=181665/, 2015 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
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[18] A. Jackson, M. Nudelman, It Costs more to go to College in America than Anywhere Else in the World, https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-college-costs-around-the-world-2017-9/, 2017 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[19] C. Hodgson, The 12 European Countries with the Highest University Fees, https://www.businessinsider.com/european-countries-highest-university-fees-2017-10/, 2017 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[20] K. Warren, Here’s What College Costs in 28 Countries Around the World,
https://www.businessinsider.com/cost-of-college-countries-around-the-world-2018-6/, 2018 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[21] Study Portals Master, Tuition Fees and Living Costs in France, https://www.mastersportal.com/articles/355/tuition-fees-and-living-costs-in-france.html/, 2018 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[22] Australian Department of Education and Training, Allocation of Units of Study to Funding Clusters and Student Contribution Bands According to Field of Education Codes,
https://docs.education.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/2018_allocation_of_units_of_study_2018_12_18.pdf/, 2018 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
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[24] A. Stark, Which Fields Pay, Which Fields Don’t? An Examination of the Returns to University Education in Canada by Detailed Field of Study, Canada Department of Finance,
https://www.fin.gc.ca/pub/pdfs/wp2007-03e.pdf/, 2007 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[25] B. Chapman, B. Hunter, Exploring Creative Applications of Income Contingent Loans, Aust,
J. Labour Econ, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2009, pp. 133-144.
[26] Community Foundation of Greater Fort Wayne, Charity vs Philanthropy?, https://cfgfw.org/blogs/2095/, 2018 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[27] W. Kenton, Philanthropy Defined, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/philanthropy.asp/, 2018 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[28] T. Devinney, Raising Capital: The Problem of Philanthropy and Funding in Australian Universities, https://theconversation.com/raising-capital-the-problem-of-philanthropy-and-funding-in-australian-universities-15340/, 2013 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[29] Nonprofit Colleges Online, The World’s 50 Wealthiest universities, https://www.nonprofitcollegesonline.com/wealthiest-universities-in-the-world/, 2019 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[30] The Chronicle List, “Which Colleges Have the Largest Endowments?”,
https://www.chronicle.com/article/Which-Colleges-Have-the/245587/, 2019 (accessed on: February
19th, 2021).
[31] R. A. Prince, K. M. File, The Seven Faces of Philanthropy: A New Approach to Cultivating Major Donors, Jossey Bass, 2001.
[32] M. Rohayati, Y. Najdi, J. Williamson, Philanthropic Fundraising of Higher Education Institutions: A Review of the Malaysian and Australian Perspectives, Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2016,
pp. 541, https://doi.org/doi: 10.3390/su8060541.
[33] C. Cornwell, D. B. Mustard, Merit-based College Scholarships and Car Sales, Educ, Financ, Policy, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007, pp. 133-151, https://doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2007.2.2.133.
[34] P. N. Marcucci, D. B. Johnstone, Tuition Fee Policies in a Comparative Perspective: Theoretical and Political Rationales, J. High, Educ, Policy Manag, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2007, pp. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800600980015.
[35] NCES, Average Undergraduate Tuition and Fees and Room and Board Rates Charged for Full-time Students in Degree-granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Control and Level of Institution and State or Jurisdiction: 2015-16 and 2016-17, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_330.20.asp/, 2017 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[36] Research Councils UK, Independent External Challenge Report, Retrieved from Research Councils UK Knowledge Transfer in the Eight Research Councils, 2006.
[37] J. Tilak, Public-private Partnership in Education, New Delhi, 2016,
https://www.headfoundation.org/papers/2016_3)_Public_Private_Partnership_in_Education.pdf/, 2016 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[38] Vietnam Government, Resolution on the Direction and Policy of Socialization of Educational, Medical and Cultural Activities), https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-duc/Nghi-quyet-90-CP-phuong-huong-va-chu-truong-xa-hoi-hoa-cac-hoat-dong-giao-duc-y-te-van-hoa-40903.aspx/, 1997 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[39] Vietnam Government, Decree Providing for the Right to Autonomy and Self-responsibility for Task Performance, Organizational Apparatus, Payroll and Finance of Public Non-business Units,
https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/bo-may-hanh-chinh/Nghi-dinh-43-2006-ND-CP-quyen-tu-chu-tu-chiu-trach-nhiem-thuc-hien-nhiem-vu-to-chuc-bo-may-bien-che-tai-chinh-doi-voi-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-11313.aspx/, 2006 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
[40] Vietnam Government, Decree Stipulating the Mechanism for Exercising the Autonomy of Public Administrative Unit), https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/bo-may-hanh-chinh/Nghi-dinh-16-2015-ND-CP-co-che-tu-chu-cua-don-vi-nghiep-cong-lap-266548.aspx/, 2015 (accessed on: February 19th, 2021).
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