The Students’ Readiness for Learner Autonomy in English Language Learning
Main Article Content
Abstract
Learner autonomy is deemed as one of the long-term goals in English language teaching and learning in the 21st century; nevertheless, that students are ready for learner autonomy varies from one context to another. Furthermore, learner autonomy is variously perceived in different contexts. This research aims to explore non-English majors’ readiness for learner autonomy concerning self-awareness, self-efficacy, and motivation in a college in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The quantitative approach was employed for data collection. A cohort of 134 students was involved in partaking in answering a closed-ended questionnaire. The collected data were statistically analyzed in terms of mean and standard deviation. The results unraveled that the participants were highly ready for learner autonomy. They were aware of learner autonomy and had high self-efficacy and motivation for their own English learning. The preliminary findings are expected to bring theoretical and practical contributions to students’ readiness for learner autonomy in this research context and other similar ones.
Keywords:
English as a foreign language, learner autonomy, readiness.
References
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[2] P. Benson, Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspectives on Autonomy, in T. Lamb, H. Reinders, Learner and Teacher Autonomy: Concepts, Realities, and Responses, John Benjamins, 2008, pp. 15-23.
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[13] I. Yuzulia, F. N. Yusuf, EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Learner Autonomy, Academic Journal Perspective: Education, Language, and Literature, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2019, pp. 51-64.
[14] T. T. Dang, Learner Autonomy in EFL Studies in Vietnam: A Discussion from Socio-cultural Perspective, English Language Teaching, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2010, pp. 3-9.
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[17] T. Q. Tran, D. Q. Vo, English-majored Students’ Perspectives on the Factors Boosting Learner Autonomy Development, HNUE Journal of Science, Vol. 65, No. 12, 2020, pp. 37-45, https://doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2020-0108.
[18] N. T. Nguyen, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Teachers' Beliefs (Doctoral Thesis), Queensland University of Technology, 2014.
[19] T. Q. Tran, T. M. Duong, EFL Learners' Perceptions of Factors Influencing Learner Autonomy Development, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2018, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.02.009.
[20] H. Holec, Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning, Pergamon Press, 1981.
[21] L. Dickinson, Self-instruction in Language Learning, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
[22] S. Cotterall, D. Crabbe, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Defining the Field and Effecting Change, Peter Lang, 1999.
[23] D. Nunan, Designing and Adapting Materials to Encourage Learner Autonomy, in P. Benson, P. Voller, Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning, Longman, 1997, pp. 192-203.
[24] A. Bandura, Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Freeman, 1997.
[25] K. Joshi, Learner Perceptions and Teacher Beliefs about Learner Autonomy in Language Learning, Nepal English Language Teachers' Association, Vol. 16, No. 1-2, 2011, pp. 13-29.
[26] N. Bozkurt, F. Arslan, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Syrian Refugee EFL Learners’ Perceptions and Readiness, Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2018, pp. 115-145, https://doi.org/10.17583/remie.2018.3028.
[27] Q. X. Le, Fostering Learner Autonomy in Language Learning in Tertiary Education: An Intervention Study of University Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Doctoral dissertation), University of Nottingham, 2013.
[28] T. M. Duong, EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy and Their Classroom Practices: A Case Study, International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, Vol. 2, 2014, pp. 9-17, https://doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2014.02.02.
[29] T. M. Duong, English Majors’ Perceptions of Autonomous Learning Skills and Their Writing Performance in an E-portfolio-based Writing Course, VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2021, pp. 577-590.
[2] P. Benson, Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspectives on Autonomy, in T. Lamb, H. Reinders, Learner and Teacher Autonomy: Concepts, Realities, and Responses, John Benjamins, 2008, pp. 15-23.
[3] L. Dickinson, Autonomy and Motivation a Literature Review, System, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1995, pp. 165-174.
[4] D. Little, Language Learner Autonomy: Some Fundamental Considerations Revisited, International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007, pp. 14-29.
[5] A. Scharle, A. Szabó, Learner Autonomy, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[6] N. S. Lengkanawati, Making EFL Learners Autonomous: Can Language Learning Strategies Help? ALAK International Conference on Applied Linguistics in the Era of Multiculturalism, 2014.
[7] D. Little, Learner Autonomy: Definitions, Issues and Problems, Authentik, 1991.
[8] W. Littlewood, Defining and Developing Autonomy in East Asian Contexts, Applied Linguistics, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1999, pp. 71-94.
[9] N. Aoki, Teachers’ Stories to Improve Theories of Learner/Teacher Autonomy, Independence, Vol. 43, 2008, pp. 15-17.
[10] W. Littlewood, Autonomy: An Anatomy and a Framework, System, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1996, pp. 427-435.
[11] S. Cotterall, Readiness for Autonomy: Investigating Learner Beliefs, System, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1995, pp. 195-205.
[12] B. Sinclair, Learner Autonomy and Its Development in The Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) (Doctoral Dissertation), University of Nottingham, 2000.
[13] I. Yuzulia, F. N. Yusuf, EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Learner Autonomy, Academic Journal Perspective: Education, Language, and Literature, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2019, pp. 51-64.
[14] T. T. Dang, Learner Autonomy in EFL Studies in Vietnam: A Discussion from Socio-cultural Perspective, English Language Teaching, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2010, pp. 3-9.
[15] T. M. Duong, A Portfolio-based Learner Autonomy Development Model in an EFL Writing Course (Doctoral Dissertation), Suranaree University of Technology, 2015.
[16] T. Q. Tran, T. G. Nguyen, The Use of English Vocabulary Learning Strategies among Vietnamese High School Students, The Third International TESOL Conference Promoting ELT: Diverse Perspectives and New Horizons at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House, 2017, pp. 223-232.
[17] T. Q. Tran, D. Q. Vo, English-majored Students’ Perspectives on the Factors Boosting Learner Autonomy Development, HNUE Journal of Science, Vol. 65, No. 12, 2020, pp. 37-45, https://doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2020-0108.
[18] N. T. Nguyen, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Teachers' Beliefs (Doctoral Thesis), Queensland University of Technology, 2014.
[19] T. Q. Tran, T. M. Duong, EFL Learners' Perceptions of Factors Influencing Learner Autonomy Development, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2018, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.02.009.
[20] H. Holec, Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning, Pergamon Press, 1981.
[21] L. Dickinson, Self-instruction in Language Learning, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
[22] S. Cotterall, D. Crabbe, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Defining the Field and Effecting Change, Peter Lang, 1999.
[23] D. Nunan, Designing and Adapting Materials to Encourage Learner Autonomy, in P. Benson, P. Voller, Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning, Longman, 1997, pp. 192-203.
[24] A. Bandura, Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Freeman, 1997.
[25] K. Joshi, Learner Perceptions and Teacher Beliefs about Learner Autonomy in Language Learning, Nepal English Language Teachers' Association, Vol. 16, No. 1-2, 2011, pp. 13-29.
[26] N. Bozkurt, F. Arslan, Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Syrian Refugee EFL Learners’ Perceptions and Readiness, Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2018, pp. 115-145, https://doi.org/10.17583/remie.2018.3028.
[27] Q. X. Le, Fostering Learner Autonomy in Language Learning in Tertiary Education: An Intervention Study of University Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Doctoral dissertation), University of Nottingham, 2013.
[28] T. M. Duong, EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy and Their Classroom Practices: A Case Study, International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, Vol. 2, 2014, pp. 9-17, https://doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2014.02.02.
[29] T. M. Duong, English Majors’ Perceptions of Autonomous Learning Skills and Their Writing Performance in an E-portfolio-based Writing Course, VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2021, pp. 577-590.
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