Students’ Perspectives on TikTok’s Short-Form Videos: Opportunities and Challenges
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid development of technology and the Internet, such as the rise of short-form video applications like TikTok, has changed people's lives worldwide, including in Vietnam. Notably, short-form videos' significant impact brings substantial benefits and potential risks (Chen et al., 2020). This study applies flow theory, media dependence theory, and temporal motivation theory, using a questionnaire survey administered to 306 students at a university in Hanoi to examine the relationship between short-form videos on the social networking platform TikTok and student learning outcomes. In terms of positive aspects, TikTok's short-form videos support the development of learning and life skills by providing easy access to knowledge, connecting learning communities, and enabling convenient learning in open environments. On the negative side, they show limitations in motivating and encouraging active learning. Watching many short-form videos continuously over a period of time leads to distraction, reduced concentration, time-wasting, addiction, difficulty stopping, and poor physical health, all of which negatively affect learning. Additionally, the study found statistically significant differences related to gender and daily viewing time, suggesting a complex interplay between these factors and learning outcomes (p < 0.05).
Keywords:
Short-form video, TikTok, academic performance.
References
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[51] P. Steel, The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure, Psychol, Bull, Vol. 133, 2007, pp. 65-94, https://doi.org/106236.10.1037/0033-2909.
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[58] C. H. Andez, D. R. Ottenberger, M. Moessner, R. D. Crosby, B. Ditzen, Depressed and Swiping My Problems for Later: The Moderation Effect Between Procrastination And Depressive Symptomatology on Internet Addiction, Comput, Hum. Behav, Vol. 97, 2019, pp. 1-9.
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[61] J. M. Bytamar, O. Saed, S. Khakpoor, Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Academic Procrastination, Front. Psychol, Vol. 1, 2020, pp. 524588, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.
[62] M. Balkis, Academic Procrastination, Academic Procrastination, Academic Life Satisfaction and Academic Achievement: The Mediation Role of Rational Beliefs About Studying, J. Cogn. Behav. Psychother, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 57-74.
(Study Bart B). Addict. Behav, Vol. 101, 2020, pp. 105960, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.018, 2020.
[2] X. Du, T. Liechty, C. A. Santos, J. Park, I Want to Record and Share My Wonderful Journey: Chinese Millennials’ Production and Sharing of Short-Form Travel Videos on Tiktok or Douyin. Curr. Issues Tour, 2020, pp. 1-13,
https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1810212 [Epub ahead of print], 2020.
[3] Meola, Analyzing TikTok User Growth and Us Age Patterns in 2020, Business Insider, 2020.
[4] Sprout Social, 8 Ways Your Brand Can Leverage Short-Form Video,
https://sproutsocial.com/insights/short-form-video/, 2022 ((accessed on: May 20th, 2022).
[5] M. K, Afıfy, Effect of Interactive Video Length within E-Learning Environments on Cognitive Load, Cognitive Achievement and Retention of Learning. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2020, pp. 68-89.
[6] A. Manasrah, M. Masoud, Y. Jarada, Short Videos, Or Long Videos? A Study on the Ideal Video Length in Online Learning, Paper Presented at 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), Amman, Jordan, 2021, pp. 14-15.
[7] J. H. Kuznekoff, Online Video Lectures: The Relationship Between Student Viewing Behaviors, Learning, and Engagement. Assoc Univ Region Campus Ohio, Vol. 26, 2020, pp. 33-55.
[8] A. Lawrence, Uses and Gratifications Exploratory Study of Tiktok: What does This Mean for Brands? Master’s Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2020.
[9] C. B. Bossen, R. Kottasz, Uses and Gratifications Sought by Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Tiktok Consumers, Young Consumers, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2020, pp. 463-478, https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-07-2020-1186.
[10] M. S. Farooq, A. H. Chaudhry, M. Shafiq, G. Berhanu G, Factors Affecting Students’ Quality of Academic Performance: A Case of Secondary School Level, Journal of Quality and Technology Management, Vol. 7, 2011, pp. 1-14.
[11] S. Ali, Impacts of Watching Videos on Academic Performance at University Level, European Journal of Education Studies, 2019.
[12] A. J. Alwan, L. A. N. Abd Al Khanaifsawy, The impact of Youtube on Iraqi EFL Learner’s Academic Achievements in the Islamic University of Diwaiyah: A Critical Essay, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021.
[13] W. Gao, Z. Liu, J. Li, How Does Social Presence Influence Sns Addiction? A Belongingness Theory Perspective, Comp. Hum. Behav, Vol. 77, 2017, pp. 347-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.002.
[14] W. Chalermchutidej, B. Manaboriboon, G. Sanpawitayakul, S. Theppiban, S. I. Iw, Sleep, Social Media Use and Mental Health Ii Female Adolescents Aged 12 to 18 Years Old During the COVID-19 Pandemic. BMC Pediatr, Vol. 23, 2023, pp. 398, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04218-4.
[15] A. Vansoeterstede, E. Cappe, J. Lichtle, E. Boujut, A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Changes in School Burnout Among Adolescents: Trajectories, Predictors, And Outcomes, J. Adolesc, Vol. 95, 2023, pp. 224-247,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12121.
[16] O. Krivonogova, E. Krivonogova, L. Poskotinova, L, Time Estimation or Autonomic Heart Rate Regulation: Which Mechanism is More Sensitive in The Development of Internet Addiction in Adolescents? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Vol. 19, 2022, pp. 11977, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911977, 2022.
[17] Z. Hongying, W. Christian, How Tiktok Leads Users to Flow Experience: Investigating The Effects of Technology Affordances with User Experience Level and Video Length as Moderators, Internet Res, 2023, pp. 33.
[18] A. Hayat, J. Kojuri, M. Amini, Academic Procrastination of Medical Students: The Role of Internet Addictio, J. Adv. Med. Educ. Prof, Vol. 8, 2020, pp. 83-89, https://doi.org/10.30476/ JAMP.2020.85000.1159.
[19] Y. Yang, Understanding Young Adults' Tiktok Usage, Undergraduate Honors Thesis, University of California San Diego, 2020.
[20] K. Wiboolyasarin, Factor Analysis of Digital Storytelling on Tiktok Affected to Media Exposure and Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of Language and Culture, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2023, pp. 156-177.
[21] K. Mosende, S. D. Ada, A. Redita, Tiktok'S Edutok: A Learning Tool for Grammar, Journal of Translation, Linguistics and Literature, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2024, pp. 14-29.
[22] Y. Khan, Tiktok as a Learning Tool for Archaeology, Advances in Archaeological Practice, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2022, pp. 452-457.
[23] J. Zhu, H. Yuan, Q. Zhang, P. H. Huang, Y. Wang, S. Duan, P. Song, The Impact of Short Videos on Student Performance in an Online-Flipped College Engineering Course, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2022, pp. 1-10.
[24] D. Chung, Short-Form Video App Dependency: The Role of Neuroticism, Lower Life Satisfaction, and Fear of Missing Out. International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media, Vol. 10, No. 18, 2022, pp. 115-127.
[25] Y. Liu, X. Ni, G. Niu, Perceived Stress and Short-Form Video Application Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12, 2021, pp. 747656.
[26] J. Xie, X. Xu, Y, Zhang, Y. Tan, D. Wu, M. Shi, H. Huang, The Effect of Short-Form Video Addiction on Undergraduates’ Academic Procrastination: A Moderated Mediation Model, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 14, 2023, pp. 1298361.
[27] X. Zhang, Y. Wu, S. Liu, Exploring Short-Form Video Application Addiction: Socio-Technical and Attachment Perspectives, Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 42, 2019, pp. 101243.
[28] A. Reindl, How Tiktok Became an Educational Tool, BELatina, 2020.
[29] I. Lunden, Lunden, Tiktok Tests a Learn Tab to Showcase Education and How-To Videos, Extra Crunch, 2020.
[30] L. Literat, Teachers Act Like We’Re Robots: Tiktok As a Window Into Youth Experiences of Online Learning During COVID-19, Sage Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2021, pp. 1-15.
[31] A. Revadekar, S. Oak, A. Gadekar, P. Bide, Gauging Attention of Students in an E-Learning Environment, Paper Presented at the 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (Cict), Chennai, India, 2020, pp. 3-5.
[32] E. T. Özpolat, A Phenomenographic Study on Views About Entertaining and Boring Situations in Learning Process, Int Educ Stud, Vol. 13, No. 10, 2020, pp. 8-34.
[33] R. Peng, J. Tao, Research on Jingdezhen Tiktok Tourism Marketing Based on Prac Laws. Tourism Management and Technology Economy, Vol. 6, No. 7, 2023, pp. 33-38.
[34] J. Wang, M. Z. Wang, L. Lei, Longitudinal Links Among Paternal and Maternal Harsh Parenting, Adolescent Emotional Dysregulation and Short-Form Video Addiction. Child Abuse Negl, Vol. 141, 2023, pp. 106236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.
[35] Y. C. Yeh, P. W. Wang, M. F. Huang, P. C. Lin, C. S. Chen, C. H. Ko, The Procrastination of Internet Gaming Disorder in Young Adults: The Clinical Severity, Psychiatry Res, Vol. 254, pp. 258-262, https://doi.org/1016/j.psychres, 2017, 04.055.
[36] M. Csikszentmihalyi, Beyond Boredom and Anxiety, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1975a.
[37] M. Csikszentmihalyi, J. LeFevre, Optimal Experience in Work and Leisure, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, Vol. 56, No. 5, 1989, pp. 815-822.
[38] J. A. Ghani, S. P. Deshpande, Task Characteristics and The Experience of Optimal Flow in Human-Computer Interaction, J. Psychol, Vol. 128, No. 4, 1994, pp. 381-391.
[39] T. L. Huang, S. L. Liao, Creating E-Shopping Multisensory Flow Experience Through Augmented-Reality Interactive Technology. Internet Res, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2017, pp. 449-475.
[40] M. Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harpercollins, New York, Ny, 1990.
[41] M. I. Argiropoulou, P. Vlachopanou, Studying Vs Internet Use 0–1: The Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination Between Flow and Problematic Internet Use Among Greek University Students, J. Technol. Behav. Sci, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2021, pp. 159-165.
[42] S. J. B. Rokeach, M. Rokeach, J. W. Grube, The Great American Values Test: Influencing Behavior and Belief Through Television, Free Press, 1984.
[43] C. S. Andreassen, S. Pallesen, M. D. Griffiths, The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem: Findings From a Large National Survey, Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 64, 2017, pp. 287-293, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006.
[44] P. Steel, C. König, Integrating Theories of Motivation. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2006, pp. 889-913.
[45] G. Ainslie, Picoeconomics: Picoeconomics: The Strategic Interaction of Successive Motivational States Within the Person, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[46] G. Ainslie, N. Haslam, Hyperbolic Discounting, In Choice Over Time, Edited by G. Loewenstein and J. Elster, New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1992, pp. 57-92.
[47] V. Vroom, Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley, 1964.
[48] A. Tversky, D. Kahneman, Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 5, 1992, pp. 297-323.
[49] H. Murray, Exploration in Personality, New York: Oxford Univeristy Press, 1938.
[50] P. E. Steel, T. Svartdal, T. Thundiyil, T. Brothen, Brothen, Examining Procrastination Across Multiple Goal Stages: A Longitudinal Study of Temporal Motivation Theory, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 327, 2018, pp. 1-16.
[51] P. Steel, The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure, Psychol, Bull, Vol. 133, 2007, pp. 65-94, https://doi.org/106236.10.1037/0033-2909.
[52] N. I. Adnan, S. Ramli, I. N. Ismal, International Journal of Practices in Teaching and Learning, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2021, pp. 1-6.
[53] S. Solomon, Incorporating Social Media into the Classroom: A Case Study on How Tiktok can Be Immersed into Classroom Pedagogy, Master’S Thesis, Dominican University of California, Dominican Scholar, 2021.
[54] J. P. Guo, L. Y. Yang, J. Zhang, Y. J. Gan, Academic Self-Concept, Perceptions of The Learning Environment, Engagement, And Learning Outcomes of University Students: Relationships and Causal Ordering. Higher Education, 2022, pp. 1-20.
[55] J. H. Ye, Y. T, Wu, Y. F. Wu, M. Y. Chen, J. N. Ye, Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students, Frontiers in Public Health, Vol. 10, 2022, pp. 847672.
[56] M. Salehan, A. Negahban, Social Networking on Smartphones: When Mobile Phones Become Addictive, Comput. Hum. Behav, Vol. 29, No. 6, 2013, pp. 2632-2639.
[57] A. Fumero, R. J. Marrero, D. Voltes, W. Penate, Penate, Personal and Social Factors Involved in Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 86, 2018, pp. 387-400.
[58] C. H. Andez, D. R. Ottenberger, M. Moessner, R. D. Crosby, B. Ditzen, Depressed and Swiping My Problems for Later: The Moderation Effect Between Procrastination And Depressive Symptomatology on Internet Addiction, Comput, Hum. Behav, Vol. 97, 2019, pp. 1-9.
[59] A. Thatcher, G. Wretschko, P. Fridjhon, Online Flow Experiences, Problematic Internet Use and Internet Procrastination, Comput. Hum. Behav, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2008, pp. 2236-2254.
[60] S. Caroline, K. Richard, J. V. Robert, Robert, Self-Regulation and Academic Procrastination, J. Soc. Psychol, Vol. 135, 2010, pp. 607-619.
[61] J. M. Bytamar, O. Saed, S. Khakpoor, Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Academic Procrastination, Front. Psychol, Vol. 1, 2020, pp. 524588, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.
[62] M. Balkis, Academic Procrastination, Academic Procrastination, Academic Life Satisfaction and Academic Achievement: The Mediation Role of Rational Beliefs About Studying, J. Cogn. Behav. Psychother, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 57-74.
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