Fabrication of SERS Substrates Via Green Synthesis of Zno/Ag Hybrid Nanomaterial for Herbicide Detection
Main Article Content
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag hybrid nanomaterial were successfully synthesized via a green route using Brassica juncea leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The effects of amount of 5, 10, and 15g dried leaves and Ag concentration of 1, 5, and 10 wt% on the structural and optical properties of the materials were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FE-SEM analysis. The results indicated that ZnO synthesized with extract from 5g dried leaves exhibited more improved crystallinity, lower impurity content, and more uniform morphology. Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were subsequently deposited onto the surface of ZnO nanoparticles using mustard leaf extract prepared from 5g of dried leaves. The ZnO/Ag 5 wt% hybrid nanomaterial showed enhanced optical absorption and a homogeneous distribution of Ag nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO/Ag 5 wt% hybrid nanomaterials were applied as SERS-active coatings on paper substrates for the detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Characteristic Raman signals of 2,4-D were clearly detected down to concentration of 10-10M, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the SERS substrate. These findings suggest that green-synthesized ZnO/Ag hybrid nanomaterial paper-based SERS substrates are promising for low-cost and environmentally friendly pesticide sensing applications.
Keywords:
Green synthesis, SERS, ZnO/Ag hybrid nanomaterial.
References
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[17] L. Liu, Y. Wang, Z. Xue, B. Peng, X. Kou, Z. Gao, Research Progress of Dual-Mode Sensing Technology Strategy Based on SERS and Its Application in the Detection of Harmful Substances in Foods, Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol. 148, 2024, pp. 104487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104487.
[18] D. J. Trivedi, B. Barrow, G. C. Schatz, Understanding the Chemical Contribution to The Enhancement Mechanism in SERS: Connection with Hammett Parameters, the Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 153, No. 12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023359.
[19] C. Huang, S. Jiang, F. Kou, M. Guo, J. Li, G. Yu, B. Zheng, F. Xie, C. Zhang, H. Yu, J. Wang, Development of Jellyfish-Like ZnO@Ag Substrate for Sensitive SERS Detection of Melamine in Milk, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 600, 2022, pp. 154153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154153.
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[22] S. Qian, W. Zhao, R. Guo, X. Wang, H. Dai, J. Lang, N. R. Kadasala, Y. Jiang, Y. Liu, Apt-Conjugated PDMS-ZnO/Ag-Based Multifunctional Integrated Superhydrophobic Biosensor with High SERS Activity and Photocatalytic Sterilization Performance,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 14, 2024,
pp. 7675, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147675.
[23] I. A. Brezeștean, D. Marconi, N. E. Dina, M. Suciu, A. Colniță, Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid and Tunable ZnO@Ag Flexible Thin Films Used as SERS Substrates, Chemosensors, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2023, pp. 441, https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080441.
[24] G. Su, L. Dang, G. Liu, T. Feng, W. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wei, MOF-Derived Hierarchical Porous 3D ZnO/Ag Nanostructure as a Reproducible SERS Substrate for Ultrasensitive Detection of Multiple Environmental Pollutants, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 270, 2021, pp. 120818, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.120818.
[25] X. Chen, L. Zhu, Z. Ma, M. Wang, R. Zhao, Y. Zou, Y. Fan, Ag Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanorods as Multifunctional SERS Substrates for Ultrasensitive Detection and Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B, Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, No. 14, 2022, pp. 2394, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142394.
[26] H. Zhou, X. Li, L. Wang, H. Wang, A. Adili, J. Li, J. Zhang, SERS Paper Sensor Based on Three-Dimensional ZnO@Ag Nanoflowers Assembling on Polyester Fiber Membrane for Rapid Detection of Florfenicol Residues in Chicken, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Vol. 115, 2022, pp. 104911, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104911.
[27] T.J. Wang, Y.T. Huang, Z.Y. Liu, N. R. Barveen, Photochemical Synthesis of ZnO/Ag Heterogeneous Nanostructure on Chemically Patterned Ferroelectric Crystals for High Performance SERS Detection, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 864, 2020, pp. 158120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158120.
[28] H. Liao, Q. Chen, Y. Shaoguo, Z. Feng, Z. Li, L. Lin, Y. Ren, G. Chen, Z. Wang, Highly Ordered Si-Based ZnO/Ag Bilayer Structure for Recyclable SERS Substrates with Ultra-Sensitivity, Ceramics International, Vol. 50, No. 6, 2023, pp. 9344-9353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.12.250.
[29] R. Sharma, S. Kumar, P. Singh, and S. Kapila, Structural, Morphological and Antimicrobial Study of ZnO/Ag Nanoparticles, Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2020, pp. 1645-1652, https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2039.
[30] M. Xu, Z. L. Yuan, B. Y. Wang, F. J. Nie, J. He, X. Wang, N. Xu, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoneedles for Ultraviolet Detection, Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 51, No. 12, 2022, pp. 7020-7027, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09931-x.
[31] R. Ramadan, S. Dadgostar, M. M. Silván, R. P. Casero, M. H. Velez, J. Jimenez, O. Sanchez, Silver-Enriched ZnO:Ag Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Co-Sputtering: Post Annealing Effects on Structural and Physical Properties, Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 276, 2021, pp. 115558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115558.
[32] E. A. Alzahrani, A. Nabi, M. R. Kamli, S. M. Albukhari, S. A. Althabaiti, S. A. A. Harbi, I. Khan, M. A. Malik, Facile Green Synthesis of ZnO NPS and Plasmonic Ag-Supported ZnO Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue,” Water, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2023, pp. 384, https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030384.
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pp. 3995-4004, https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202100413.
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