Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidative, α-amylase Inhibitory Activity of Phellinus gilvus Fruiting Body Extracts
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fractions yielded from Phellinus gilvus fruiting bodies by liquid-liquid partition of methanol extract contained various bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids and terpenes. Butanol, water and ethyl acetate fractions had large amount of phenolics, 158.12 - 247.31 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and low amount of flavonoids, 21.74 - 36.05 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g. These values highly correlated with their antioxidative activity including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging potential with IC50 values of 84.5 -108.44 μg/mL and reducing power. These fractions showed moderate α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 4.77, 10.69 and 3.9 mg/mL, respectively. P. gilvus fractions exhibited negligible inhibitory activity on the growth of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains at the concentration of 20 mg/mL. The results suggest the utility of butanol, water, and ethyl acetate fractions from fruiting bodies of P. gilvus collected in Vietnam for further characterization in order to apply for diabetes or anti-aging prevention.
Keywords:
Phellinus gilvus, antioxidative activity, α-amylase inhibition.
References
[1] P. C. Cheung, Mini-review on Edible Mushrooms as Source of Dietary Fiber: Preparation and Health Benefits, Food Science and Human Wellness, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 162-166.
[2] T. Anke, Basidiomycetes: A Source for New Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, Progress in Industrial Microbiology, Vol. 27, 1989, pp. 51-66.
[3] Y. C. Dai, M. Q. Xu, Studies on the Medicinal Polypore, Phellinus baumii and its Kin, P. linteus, Mycotaxon, Vol. 67, 1998, pp. 191-200.
[4] S. B. Han, C. W. Lee, Y. J. Jeon, N. D. Hong, I. D. Yoo, K. H. Yang, H. M. Kim, The Inhibitory Effect of Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus linteus on Tumor Growth and Metastasis, Immunopharmacology, Vol. 41, 1999, pp. 157-164.
[5] B. S. Jang, J. C. Kim, J. S. Bae, M. H. Rhee, K. H, Jang, J. C. Song, S. C. Park, Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii Inhibit Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats, Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 26, 2004, pp. 31-33.
[6] Z. Q. Chang, E. Gebru, S. P. Lee, M. H. Rhee, J. C. Kim, H. Cheng, S. C. Park, In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Protocatechualdehyde Isolated from Phellinus gilvus, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, Vol. 57, 2011, pp. 118-122.
[7] I. K. Lee, B. S. Yun, Highly Oxygenated and Unsaturated Metabolites Providing a Diversity of Hispidin Class Antioxidants in the Medicinal Mushrooms Inonotus and Phellinus, Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, Vol. 15, 2007, pp. 3309-3314.
[8] K. N. Yoon, H. S. Jang, Antioxidant and Antimicrobiol Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus Collected in Korea, Korean J. Clin Lab, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 355-364.
[9] Vietnam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment, http://www.vacne.org.vn/da-dang-cac-taxon-va-yeu-to-dia-ly-cau-thanh-khu-he-nam-lon-thua-thien-hue/21869.html/, 2010 (accessed on: September 12th, 2021) (in Vietnamese).
[10] P. T. H. Giang, Initial Research Findings of the Species Composition of Macrofungi Flora in Cat Ba National Park, Journal of Tropical Science and Technology, Vol. 5, 2013, pp. 51-58 (in Vietnamese).
[11] M. B. Ellis, J. P. Ellis, Fungi Without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook, Springer Science and Business Media, 1990, pp. 149-152.
[12] J. S. Bae, S. J. Ahn, H. Yim, K. H. Jang, H. K. Jin, Prevention of Intraperitoneal Adhesions and Abscesses by Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus spp. in a Rat Peritonitis Model, Annals of Surgery, Vol. 241, 2005, pp. 534-540.
[13] J. S. Bae, K. H. Jang, S. C. Park, H. K. Jin, Promotion of Dermal Wound Healing by Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus gilvus in Rats, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, Vol. 67, 2005, pp. 111-114.
[14] Z. Q. Chang, M. H. Hwang, M. H. Rhee, K. S. Kim, J. C. Kim, S. P. Lee, S. C. Park, The in vitro Anti-platelet, Antioxidant and Cellular Immunity Activity of Phellinus gilvus Fractional Extracts, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 24, 2008, pp. 181-187.
[15] N. Y. Ki, S. J. Hyung, Anti-xanthine Oxidase, Anti-cholinesterase, and Anti - inflammatory Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus, Korean J. Clin Lab Sci, Vol. 50, 2018, pp. 225-235.
[16] Z. Shi, J. Qinshen, Y. Taihen, Z. Jianxun, L. Yougui, Phellinus Gilvus derived Protocatechualdehyde Induces G0/G1 Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Murine B16 F10 Cells, Molecular Medicine Reports, Vol. 21, 2020, pp. 1107-1114.
[17] K. N. Yoon, H. S. Jang, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus Collected in Korea, Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 355-364.
[18] N. T. Thanh, N. N. Tuan, H. V. Trung, T. D. Thang, Phenolic Compounds and Steroid from the Fruit Body of Phellinus igniarus in Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, Vol. 32, 2016, pp. 264-268 (in Vietnamese).
[19] D. X. Hung, L. H. Nga, T. D. Thang, D. N. Quang, Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetae Fraction of the Fruit Bodies of Phellinus gilvus, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 56, 2018, pp. 246-251.
[20] A. L. Waterhouse, Determination of Total Phenolics, In Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 2002, pp. I1.1.1 - I1.1.8.
[21] K. Sapkota, S. E. Park, J. E. Kim, S. Kim, H. S. Choi, H. Schun, S. P. Voravuthikunchai, Antoxidant and Antimelanogenic Properties of Chestnut Flower Extract, Biotech and Biochem, Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 1527-535.
[22] M. S. Blois, Antioxidant Determination by the Use of a Stable Free Radical, Nature, Vol. 181, 1958,
pp. 1199-1200.
[23] P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, R. H. Yolken, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th Edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 1995, pp. 15-18.
[24] N. V. Mui, Practical Biochemistry, Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007, pp. 108-111 (in Vietnamese).
[25] P. Laovachirasuwan, C. Judprakob, B. Sinaphet, M. Phadungkit, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Phellinus spp, International Food Research Journal, Vol. 23, 2016, pp. 2608-2615.
[26] J. Pokomý, Natural Antioxidants for Food Use, Trends in Food Science and Technology, Vol. 2, 1991, pp. 223-227.
[27] J. F. A. Zavala, B. A. S. Espinoza, M. R. C. Valenzuela, Y. C. López, Antioxidant and Antifungal Potential of Methanol Extracts of Phellinus spp. from Sonora, Mexico, Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia, Vol. 29, 2012,
pp. 132-138.
[28] T. Yamaguchi, H. Takamura, T. Matoba, J. Terao, HPLC Method for Evaluation of the Free Radical-scavenging Activity of Foods by Using 1,1,- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 62, 1998, pp. 1201-1204.
[29] S. H. Kim, J. H. Lim, C. Moon, S. H. Park, S. H. Kim, D. H. Shin, S. C. Park J. C. Kim, Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Extract from Phellinus gilvus in Rats, Journal of Health Science, Vol. 57, 2011,
pp. 171-176.
[30] H. Y. Chang, Y. L. Ho, M. J. Sheu, Y. H. Lin, M. C. Tseng, S. H. Wu, G. J. Huang, Y. S. Chang, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Phellinus merrillii Extracts, Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007, pp. 407-417.
[31] H. G. Eichler, A. Korn, S. Gasic, W. Prison, J. Businger, The Effect of New Specific α-amylase Inhibitor on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Excursions in Normal Subjects and Type II (Non-insulin Dependent) Diabetic Patients, Diabetologia, Vol. 26, 1984, pp. 278-281.
[2] T. Anke, Basidiomycetes: A Source for New Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, Progress in Industrial Microbiology, Vol. 27, 1989, pp. 51-66.
[3] Y. C. Dai, M. Q. Xu, Studies on the Medicinal Polypore, Phellinus baumii and its Kin, P. linteus, Mycotaxon, Vol. 67, 1998, pp. 191-200.
[4] S. B. Han, C. W. Lee, Y. J. Jeon, N. D. Hong, I. D. Yoo, K. H. Yang, H. M. Kim, The Inhibitory Effect of Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus linteus on Tumor Growth and Metastasis, Immunopharmacology, Vol. 41, 1999, pp. 157-164.
[5] B. S. Jang, J. C. Kim, J. S. Bae, M. H. Rhee, K. H, Jang, J. C. Song, S. C. Park, Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii Inhibit Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats, Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 26, 2004, pp. 31-33.
[6] Z. Q. Chang, E. Gebru, S. P. Lee, M. H. Rhee, J. C. Kim, H. Cheng, S. C. Park, In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Protocatechualdehyde Isolated from Phellinus gilvus, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, Vol. 57, 2011, pp. 118-122.
[7] I. K. Lee, B. S. Yun, Highly Oxygenated and Unsaturated Metabolites Providing a Diversity of Hispidin Class Antioxidants in the Medicinal Mushrooms Inonotus and Phellinus, Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, Vol. 15, 2007, pp. 3309-3314.
[8] K. N. Yoon, H. S. Jang, Antioxidant and Antimicrobiol Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus Collected in Korea, Korean J. Clin Lab, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 355-364.
[9] Vietnam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment, http://www.vacne.org.vn/da-dang-cac-taxon-va-yeu-to-dia-ly-cau-thanh-khu-he-nam-lon-thua-thien-hue/21869.html/, 2010 (accessed on: September 12th, 2021) (in Vietnamese).
[10] P. T. H. Giang, Initial Research Findings of the Species Composition of Macrofungi Flora in Cat Ba National Park, Journal of Tropical Science and Technology, Vol. 5, 2013, pp. 51-58 (in Vietnamese).
[11] M. B. Ellis, J. P. Ellis, Fungi Without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook, Springer Science and Business Media, 1990, pp. 149-152.
[12] J. S. Bae, S. J. Ahn, H. Yim, K. H. Jang, H. K. Jin, Prevention of Intraperitoneal Adhesions and Abscesses by Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus spp. in a Rat Peritonitis Model, Annals of Surgery, Vol. 241, 2005, pp. 534-540.
[13] J. S. Bae, K. H. Jang, S. C. Park, H. K. Jin, Promotion of Dermal Wound Healing by Polysaccharides Isolated from Phellinus gilvus in Rats, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, Vol. 67, 2005, pp. 111-114.
[14] Z. Q. Chang, M. H. Hwang, M. H. Rhee, K. S. Kim, J. C. Kim, S. P. Lee, S. C. Park, The in vitro Anti-platelet, Antioxidant and Cellular Immunity Activity of Phellinus gilvus Fractional Extracts, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 24, 2008, pp. 181-187.
[15] N. Y. Ki, S. J. Hyung, Anti-xanthine Oxidase, Anti-cholinesterase, and Anti - inflammatory Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus, Korean J. Clin Lab Sci, Vol. 50, 2018, pp. 225-235.
[16] Z. Shi, J. Qinshen, Y. Taihen, Z. Jianxun, L. Yougui, Phellinus Gilvus derived Protocatechualdehyde Induces G0/G1 Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Murine B16 F10 Cells, Molecular Medicine Reports, Vol. 21, 2020, pp. 1107-1114.
[17] K. N. Yoon, H. S. Jang, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus Collected in Korea, Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 355-364.
[18] N. T. Thanh, N. N. Tuan, H. V. Trung, T. D. Thang, Phenolic Compounds and Steroid from the Fruit Body of Phellinus igniarus in Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, Vol. 32, 2016, pp. 264-268 (in Vietnamese).
[19] D. X. Hung, L. H. Nga, T. D. Thang, D. N. Quang, Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetae Fraction of the Fruit Bodies of Phellinus gilvus, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 56, 2018, pp. 246-251.
[20] A. L. Waterhouse, Determination of Total Phenolics, In Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 2002, pp. I1.1.1 - I1.1.8.
[21] K. Sapkota, S. E. Park, J. E. Kim, S. Kim, H. S. Choi, H. Schun, S. P. Voravuthikunchai, Antoxidant and Antimelanogenic Properties of Chestnut Flower Extract, Biotech and Biochem, Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 1527-535.
[22] M. S. Blois, Antioxidant Determination by the Use of a Stable Free Radical, Nature, Vol. 181, 1958,
pp. 1199-1200.
[23] P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, R. H. Yolken, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th Edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 1995, pp. 15-18.
[24] N. V. Mui, Practical Biochemistry, Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007, pp. 108-111 (in Vietnamese).
[25] P. Laovachirasuwan, C. Judprakob, B. Sinaphet, M. Phadungkit, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Phellinus spp, International Food Research Journal, Vol. 23, 2016, pp. 2608-2615.
[26] J. Pokomý, Natural Antioxidants for Food Use, Trends in Food Science and Technology, Vol. 2, 1991, pp. 223-227.
[27] J. F. A. Zavala, B. A. S. Espinoza, M. R. C. Valenzuela, Y. C. López, Antioxidant and Antifungal Potential of Methanol Extracts of Phellinus spp. from Sonora, Mexico, Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia, Vol. 29, 2012,
pp. 132-138.
[28] T. Yamaguchi, H. Takamura, T. Matoba, J. Terao, HPLC Method for Evaluation of the Free Radical-scavenging Activity of Foods by Using 1,1,- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 62, 1998, pp. 1201-1204.
[29] S. H. Kim, J. H. Lim, C. Moon, S. H. Park, S. H. Kim, D. H. Shin, S. C. Park J. C. Kim, Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Extract from Phellinus gilvus in Rats, Journal of Health Science, Vol. 57, 2011,
pp. 171-176.
[30] H. Y. Chang, Y. L. Ho, M. J. Sheu, Y. H. Lin, M. C. Tseng, S. H. Wu, G. J. Huang, Y. S. Chang, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Phellinus merrillii Extracts, Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007, pp. 407-417.
[31] H. G. Eichler, A. Korn, S. Gasic, W. Prison, J. Businger, The Effect of New Specific α-amylase Inhibitor on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Excursions in Normal Subjects and Type II (Non-insulin Dependent) Diabetic Patients, Diabetologia, Vol. 26, 1984, pp. 278-281.