Directions for Improving the Legal Framework for Social Enterprises in Contemporary Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract: This paper analyzes the current legal framework governing social enterprises (SEs) in Vietnam under the 2020 Law on Enterprises and relevant legislative instruments. It clarifies the organizational structure, legal status, and distinctive legal relations associated with SEs. Based on this analysis, the paper identifies several shortcomings, including the absence of a dedicated legal statute, an unclear certification mechanism, underdeveloped preferential policies, and a lack of integration with the innovation ecosystem. Drawing on these findings, the article proposes orientations for improving the legal framework by enacting a specialized law on social enterprises, establishing appropriate certification and support mechanisms, and aligning SEs with national goals for private sector development, innovation, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is a product of the University-level scientific research project of the National Economics University, code: NEU2-2025.16.

Keywords: Social enterprise; legal reform; legal framework on social enterprises; shortcomings.