Public Policy on Human Rights Protection: A Case Study of Sweden and Relevant References for Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract: As an output of the research project coded SV.2027.18, funded by the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, this article analyzes public policy regarding human rights protection in Sweden and draws relevant lessons for Vietnam. Employing public policy, human rights-based, and institutional analysis approaches, the article examines how Sweden designs and implements human rights protection policies through constitutional frameworks, information transparency mechanisms, consultation processes, impact assessments, independent oversight bodies, and public agency accountability. The findings highlight Sweden’s distinctive ability to translate human rights norms into substantive requirements within the public policy cycle. In the context of Vietnam, human rights have been increasingly clearly defined in Party guidelines, the 2013 Constitution (amended in 2025), and legislation governing the promulgation of legal documents. Drawing on the Swedish experience, the authors argue that Vietnam needs to further refine its criteria for human rights impact assessments, substantive consultation mechanisms, accountability frameworks, and the protection of vulnerable groups throughout the policy process.

Keywords: Public policy; human rights protection; Sweden; Vietnam.